{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,15]],"date-time":"2026-02-15T17:01:04Z","timestamp":1771174864337,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,15]],"date-time":"2026-02-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771113600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,15]],"date-time":"2026-02-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771113600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000038","name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RGPIN"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RGPIN"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000038","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000038","name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RGPIN\u20102020\u201005385"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RGPIN\u20102020\u201005385"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000038","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100015846","name":"Llywodraeth Cymru","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BHF\u2010NCRN"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BHF\u2010NCRN"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100015846","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003547","name":"Bangor University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003547","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002802","name":"Cardiff Metropolitan University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002802","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012068","name":"Health and Care Research Wales","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012068","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Experimental Physiology"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Sympathetic nervous system activation is a hallmark of high\u2010altitude hypoxia, yet the afferent mechanisms remain incompletely defined. We examined the relative contributions of pulmonary arterial mechanoreceptors and carotid chemoreceptors \u2013 two excitatory pathways co\u2010activated by hypoxia \u2013 to sustained sympathoexcitation at altitude. Nine healthy lowlanders (27\u00a0\u00b1\u00a0\u00a07\u00a0years, three female) were studied after 6\u20139\u00a0days at 3800\u00a0m under four conditions: (1) control, (2) inhaled nitric oxide (iNO, 40\u00a0ppm) to reduce pulmonary arterial pressure, (3) low\u2010dose dopamine infusion (2\u00a0\u00b5g\u00a0kg\n                    <jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                    <jats:sup>1<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u00a0min\n                    <jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                    <jats:sup>1<\/jats:sup>\n                    ) to suppress the carotid chemoreflex, and (4) combined iNO and dopamine. End\u2010tidal oxygen and carbon dioxide were kept constant throughout. We assessed muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA), systemic haemodynamics, ventilation and pulmonary arterial systolic pressure. iNO reduced pulmonary arterial pressure and significantly decreased MSNA (condition 1: 25\u00a0\u00b1\u00a08 bursts\u00a0min\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    vs. condition 2: 21\u00a0\u00b1\u00a07 bursts\u00a0min\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    ;\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a00.0415), whereas dopamine infusion reduced ventilation (\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001) without a consistent effect on MSNA (condition 1: 25\u00a0\u00b1\u00a08 bursts\u00a0min\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    vs. condition 3: 28\u00a0\u00b1\u00a013 bursts\u00a0min\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    ;\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a00.112). Combined intervention produced a small reduction in sympathetic nerve activity (condition 3: 28\u00a0\u00b1\u00a013 bursts\u00a0min\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    vs. condition 4: 26\u00a0\u00b1\u00a013 bursts\u00a0min\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    ;\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a00.0643), likely due to baroreflex engagement. These findings confirm that unloading pulmonary arterial pressure attenuates MSNA, reinforcing the role of pulmonary mechanoreceptors in high altitude sympathoexcitation. Attempts to isolate a carotid chemoreflex contribution were likely confounded by dopamine's haemodynamic effect, which introduced variability and limited the specificity of this intervention. Thus, interpretation of this component remains exploratory, highlighting the integrative complexity of reflex control of high altitude sympathoexcitation in humans.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1113\/ep093675","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,15]],"date-time":"2026-02-15T16:05:55Z","timestamp":1771171555000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Pulmonary arterial mechanoreceptors mediate sustained sympathoexcitation during high altitude hypoxia in humans"],"prefix":"10.1113","author":[{"given":"Michiel T.","family":"Ewalts","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Applied Human Physiology, Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Bangor University  Bangor UK"},{"name":"Cardiff School of Sport and Health Sciences Cardiff Metropolitan University  Cardiff UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lydia L.","family":"Simpson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bristol Medical School University of Bristol  Bristol UK"},{"name":"Department of Sport Science, Performance Physiology and Prevention Universit\u00e4t Innsbruck  Innsbruck Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jack S.","family":"Talbot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiometabolic Health and Exercise Physiology Laboratory Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute  Melbourne Australia"},{"name":"Baker Department of Cardiometabolic Health, Melbourne Medical School University of Melbourne  Melbourne Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elliott J.","family":"Jenkins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiff School of Sport and Health Sciences Cardiff Metropolitan University  Cardiff UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Travis D.","family":"Gibbons","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Heart, Lung, and Vascular Health University of British Columbia Okanagan  Kelowna Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Connor A.","family":"Howe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sport Science, Performance Physiology and Prevention Universit\u00e4t Innsbruck  Innsbruck Austria"},{"name":"Centre for Heart, Lung, and Vascular Health University of British Columbia Okanagan  Kelowna Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lauren E.","family":"Maier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Heart, Lung, and Vascular Health University of British Columbia Okanagan  Kelowna Canada"},{"name":"Neurovascular Health Laboratory, Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport, and Recreation University of Alberta Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Emily R.","family":"Vanden Berg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurovascular Health Laboratory, Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport, and Recreation University of Alberta Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alex M.","family":"Williams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine University of British Columbia Vancouver Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Philip N.","family":"Ainslie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Heart, Lung, and Vascular Health University of British Columbia Okanagan  Kelowna Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9971-9546","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Samuel J.","family":"Oliver","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Applied Human Physiology, Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Bangor University  Bangor UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Craig D.","family":"Steinback","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurovascular Health Laboratory, Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport, and Recreation University of Alberta Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0818-6420","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mike","family":"Stembridge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiff School of Sport and Health Sciences Cardiff Metropolitan University  Cardiff UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4244-8220","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jonathan P.","family":"Moore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Applied Human Physiology, Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences, 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