{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]],"date-time":"2026-03-31T13:53:00Z","timestamp":1774965180483,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]],"date-time":"2026-03-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774915200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]],"date-time":"2026-03-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774915200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Experimental Physiology"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Regulation of respiratory muscle blood flow during acute systemic hypotension remains poorly understood in humans because continuous assessment of microvascular perfusion during rapid haemodynamic transients has been technically challenging. Using diffuse correlation spectroscopy, we investigated second\u2010by\u2010second coupling between mean arterial pressure (MAP) and intercostal muscle blood\u2010flow index (BFI) during an abrupt hypotensive stimulus in healthy humans. Fifteen young men underwent 5\u00a0min of suprasystolic bilateral thigh occlusion followed by rapid cuff release. The MAP and intercostal BFI were analysed at 1\u00a0Hz over drop (0\u201310\u00a0s) and recovery (10\u201320\u00a0s) phases. Phase\u2010specific MAP\u2013BFI gain (%BFI per 1% change in MAP) was estimated using linear mixed\u2010effects models, with within\u2010participant centring. Immediately after cuff release, MAP and BFI decreased almost concomitantly, reached nadirs at \u223c10\u00a0s and recovered towards baseline within the next \u223c10\u00a0s. Phase\u2010averaged reductions in BFI were associated with reductions in MAP during the drop phase (Pearson's\n                    <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a00.66,\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a00.00701). Mixed\u2010effects modelling revealed near\u2010unity MAP\u2013BFI gain in both phases (drop, 0.89 [95% confidence interval 0.63\u20131.15],\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001\u00a0vs. 0,\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a00.417\u00a0vs. 1; recovery, 0.95 [0.50\u20131.40],\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001\u00a0vs. 0,\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a00.830\u00a0vs. 1), with no phase difference (recovery\u2013drop\u00a0=\u00a00.06 [\u22120.46 to 0.58],\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a00.824). Individual\u2010level gains showed greater variability, particularly during recovery. These findings demonstrate tight pressure\u2013BFI coupling over seconds\u2010long time scales, indicating that perfusion pressure is a key determinant of intercostal microvascular blood\u2010flow dynamics during acute hypotensive stress.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1113\/ep093687","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]],"date-time":"2026-03-31T13:00:33Z","timestamp":1774962033000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Pressure\u2010dependent coupling between arterial pressure and intercostal muscle blood\u2010flow index during acute hypotension in humans"],"prefix":"10.1113","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0281-3254","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Masashi","family":"Ichinose","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Human Integrative Physiology Laboratory, School of Business Administration Meiji University  Suginami\u2010ku Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-1771-829X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mikie","family":"Nakabayashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Engineering Niigata University  Niigata Japan"},{"name":"Institute for Research Administration Niigata University  Niigata Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2176-4312","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yumie","family":"Ono","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronics and Bioinformatics School of Science and Technology Meiji University  Kanagawa Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.20.1.45","article-title":"Cerebral autoregulation dynamics in humans","volume":"20","author":"Aaslid R.","year":"1989","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.01290.2009","article-title":"Expiratory muscle loading increases intercostal muscle blood flow during leg exercise in healthy humans","volume":"109","author":"Athanasopoulos D.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Applied Physiology"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-110-1-17","article-title":"Dopamine effects on diaphragmatic strength during acute respiratory failure in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"110","author":"Aubier M.","year":"1989","journal-title":"Annals of Internal Medicine"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1987.62.1.291","article-title":"Relationship of changes in diaphragmatic muscle blood flow to muscle contractile activity","volume":"62","author":"Bark H.","year":"1987","journal-title":"Journal of Applied Physiology"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R368","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00242.2022","article-title":"Epinephrine iontophoresis attenuates changes in skin blood flow and abolishes cutaneous contamination of near\u2010infrared diffuse correlation spectroscopy estimations of muscle perfusion","volume":"324","author":"Bartlett M. F.","year":"2023","journal-title":"American Journal of Physiology\u2010Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1190","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1982.53.5.1190","article-title":"Effect of pressure and timing of contraction on human diaphragm fatigue","volume":"53","author":"Bellemare F.","year":"1982","journal-title":"Journal of Applied Physiology: Respiratory, Environmental and Exercise Physiology"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1597","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1983.54.6.1597","article-title":"Effect of tension and timing of contraction on the blood flow of the diaphragm","volume":"54","author":"Bellemare F.","year":"1983","journal-title":"Journal of Applied Physiology: Respiratory, Environmental and Exercise Physiology"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2024.04.026","article-title":"Quantifying diaphragm blood flow with contrast\u2010enhanced ultrasound in humans","volume":"166","author":"Bird J. 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Heart and Circulatory Physiology"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"988","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00577.2025","article-title":"Muscle metaboreflex activation via postexercise ischemia increases intercostal muscle blood flow index without evidence of local vasoconstriction in humans","volume":"139","author":"Ichinose M.","year":"2025","journal-title":"Journal of Applied Physiology"},{"issue":"11","key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"H1568","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00833.2012","article-title":"Muscle metaboreflex activation speeds the recovery of arterial blood pressure following acute hypotension in humans","volume":"304","author":"Ichinose M.","year":"2013","journal-title":"American Journal of Physiology. 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M.","year":"2000","journal-title":"The Journal of Physiology"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"807","DOI":"10.1016\/0735-1097(95)00248-3","article-title":"Mechanisms of estrogen\u2010induced vasodilation: In vivo studies in canine coronary conductance and resistance arteries","volume":"26","author":"Sudhir K.","year":"1995","journal-title":"Journal of the American College of Cardiology"},{"issue":"14","key":"e_1_2_10_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3665","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2009.171694","article-title":"Intercostal muscle blood flow limitation in athletes during maximal exercise","volume":"587","author":"Vogiatzis I.","year":"2009","journal-title":"The Journal of Physiology"}],"container-title":["Experimental Physiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1113\/EP093687","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1113\/EP093687","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1113\/EP093687","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]],"date-time":"2026-03-31T13:00:37Z","timestamp":1774962037000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1113\/EP093687"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]]},"references-count":31,"alternative-id":["10.1113\/EP093687"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1113\/ep093687","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0958-0670","1469-445X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0958-0670","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-445X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-01-19","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-03-16","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-03-31","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"EP093687"}}