{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T15:08:45Z","timestamp":1785337725088,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785283200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785283200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000071","name":"National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1R01HD106911\u201001A1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1R01HD106911\u201001A1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000071","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000062","name":"National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1T32DK11096601"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1T32DK11096601"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000062","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Experimental Physiology"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Change in skin temperature is a complex process affected by several factors. During walking, increased microcirculatory activity, such as muscle metabolism, could increase foot temperature. The ensuing macrocirculatory responses, such as increased leg blood flow (LBF), might also increase foot temperature. However, it is unclear whether there is a relationship between these physiological measures and foot temperature during walking. Here, we examined the relationships among macrocicrulation (e.g., LBF), microcirculation [e.g., tissue saturation index (TSI)] and the change in foot temperature during walking on different slopes. Healthy young adults (\n                    <jats:italic>n\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n                    =\u00a021) walked on a 0\u00b0, +5\u00b0 and \u22125\u00b0 slope in random order for 10\u00a0min at 1.2\u00a0m\/s. Before and after each walking bout, LBF, TSI and foot temperature were measured on the dominant leg of the participant. TSI was measured at the vastus lateralis (VL), medial gastrocnemius (MG) and dorsal foot. Uphill walking caused a greater increase in LBF (\n                    <jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt;\u00a00.001) and greater reductions in TSI for VL (\n                    <jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt;\u00a00.001) and MG (\n                    <jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt;\u00a00.027) in comparison to level or downhill walking, probably reflecting the increased muscle oxygen demand. Only changes in dorsal foot TSI were positively associated with foot temperature change (\u03b2\u00a0=\u00a00.064,\n                    <jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n                    =\u00a00.026), whereas LBF and TSI for VL and MG showed no significant associations (\n                    <jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n                    &gt;\u00a00.192). These results suggest that the macrocirculation increases to accommodate the metabolic demands of leg muscles, without affecting foot skin temperature change. We speculate that foot temperature change might be affected largely by mechanisms not tested in our study, such as cutaneous blood flow, sweating and convective heat loss, which should be investigated in the future.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1113\/ep093712","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T14:30:22Z","timestamp":1785335422000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Macro\u2010 and microcirculatory factors affecting foot temperature change during walking"],"prefix":"10.1113","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8766-3004","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jose G.","family":"Anguiano\u2010Hernandez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health and Kinesiology University of Utah  Salt Lake City Utah USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jenna K.","family":"Burnett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health and Kinesiology University of Utah  Salt Lake City Utah USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael F.","family":"Allen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health and Kinesiology University of Nebraska at Omaha  Omaha Nebraska USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cody P.","family":"Anderson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health and Kinesiology University of Nebraska at Omaha  Omaha Nebraska USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kota Z.","family":"Takahashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health and Kinesiology University of Utah  Salt Lake City Utah USA"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Utah  Salt Lake City Utah USA"},{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine &amp; Rehabilitation University of Utah  Salt Lake City Utah USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8576-7531","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Song\u2010Young","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health and Kinesiology University of Nebraska at Omaha  Omaha Nebraska USA"},{"name":"Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology University of Nebraska Medical Center  Omaha Nebraska USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]]},"reference":[{"issue":"9","key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0138154","article-title":"Economical speed and energetically optimal transition speed evaluated by gross and net oxygen cost of transport at different gradients","volume":"10","author":"Abe D.","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2017.10.030","article-title":"Computer aided diagnosis of diabetic foot using infrared thermography: A review","volume":"91","author":"Adam M.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Computers in Biology and Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2016.03.022","article-title":"Effect of sloped walking on lower limb muscle forces","volume":"47","author":"Alexander N.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Gait & Posture"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Anguiano\u2010Hernandez J. G. Burnett J. K. Allen M. F. Anderson C. P. Takahashi K. Z. &Park S.\u2010Y.(2025).A Doppler Ultrasound Method to Measure Vascular Responses to Walking.bioRxiv.https:\/\/doi.org\/10.64898\/2025.12.17.694736","DOI":"10.64898\/2025.12.17.694736"},{"issue":"24","key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2367","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1615439","article-title":"Diabetic foot ulcers and their recurrence","volume":"376","author":"Armstrong D. G.","year":"2017","journal-title":"The New England Journal of Medicine"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R505","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00381.2006","article-title":"Time course of vasodilation at the onset of repetitive skeletal muscle contractions","volume":"292","author":"Armstrong M. L.","year":"2007","journal-title":"American Journal of Physiology\u2010Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-1716.2010.02244.x","article-title":"Regulation of blood flow in the microcirculation: Role of conducted vasodilation","volume":"202","author":"Bagher P.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Acta Physiologica"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mvr.2013.10.004","article-title":"Relationship between brachial artery blood flow and total [hemoglobin+myoglobin] during post\u2010occlusive reactive hyperemia","volume":"91","author":"Bopp C. M.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Microvascular Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","volume-title":"StatPearls","author":"Bordoni B.","year":"2023"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","volume-title":"StatPearls","author":"Bordoni B.","year":"2023"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2281.1997.01313.x","article-title":"Skin temperature changes and changes in skin blood flow monitored with laser doppler flowmetry and imaging: A methodological study in normal humans","volume":"17","author":"Bornmyr S.","year":"1997","journal-title":"Clinical Physiology"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2025.1628846","article-title":"Foot temperature responses during walking: A theoretical estimation of mechanical and physiological factors","volume":"13","author":"Burnett J. K.","year":"2025","journal-title":"Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology"},{"issue":"8","key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1201","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00734.2012","article-title":"Influence of \u03b1\u2010adrenergic vasoconstriction on the blunted skeletal muscle contraction\u2010induced rapid vasodilation with aging","volume":"113","author":"Casey D. P.","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Applied Physiology"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00446.2013","article-title":"Contribution of nitric oxide in the contraction\u2010induced rapid vasodilation in young and older adults","volume":"115","author":"Casey D. P.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Applied Physiology"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00179.2004","article-title":"Vasodilatory mechanisms in contracting skeletal muscle","volume":"97","author":"Clifford P. S.","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Applied Physiology"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"849","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00819.2015","article-title":"FloWave.US: Validated, open\u2010source, and flexible software for ultrasound blood flow analysis","volume":"121","author":"Coolbaugh C. L.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Applied Physiology"},{"issue":"9","key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"982","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00281.2015","article-title":"Explained variance in the thermoregulatory responses to exercise: The independent roles of biophysical and fitness\/fatness\u2010related factors","volume":"119","author":"Cramer M. N.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Applied Physiology"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"H29","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00298.2013","article-title":"Mechanisms of rapid vasodilation after a brief contraction in human skeletal muscle","volume":"305","author":"Crecelius A. R.","year":"2013","journal-title":"American Journal of Physiology\u2010Heart and Circulatory Physiology"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00785.2014","article-title":"Characterizing rapid\u2010onset vasodilation to single muscle contractions in the human leg","volume":"118","author":"Credeur D. P.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Applied Physiology"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2023.1187710","article-title":"Evaluating the use of a novel low\u2010cost measurement insole to characterise plantar foot strain during gait loading regimes","volume":"11","author":"Crossland S. R.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mvr.2013.10.003","article-title":"The regional differences in the contribution of nitric oxide synthase to skin blood flow at forearm and lower leg sites in response to local skin warming","volume":"90","author":"Del Pozzi A. T.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Microvascular Research"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1155","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-014-3097-1","article-title":"Comparison of the noradrenergic sympathetic nerve contribution during local skin heating at forearm and leg sites in humans","volume":"115","author":"Del Pozzi A. T.","year":"2015","journal-title":"European Journal of Applied Physiology"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mvr.2016.01.004","article-title":"The effect of heating rate on the cutaneous vasomotion responses of forearm and leg skin in humans","volume":"105","author":"Del Pozzi A. T.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Microvascular Research"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00256.2015","article-title":"Skeletal muscle vasodilation during systemic hypoxia in humans","volume":"120","author":"Dinenno F. A.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Applied Physiology"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_11_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2012.08.004","article-title":"How does age affect leg muscle activity\/coactivity during uphill and downhill walking?","volume":"37","author":"Franz J. R.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Gait & Posture"},{"issue":"11","key":"e_1_2_11_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2925","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2012.248823","article-title":"The evaporative requirement for heat balance determines whole\u2010body sweat rate during exercise under conditions permitting full evaporation","volume":"591","author":"Gagnon D.","year":"2013","journal-title":"The Journal of Physiology"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_28_1","article-title":"Association between foot thermal responses and shear forces during turning gait in young adults","volume":"9","author":"Gonzalez A. E.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Life and Environmental Sciences"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_11_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2004.04.023","article-title":"Ground reaction forces during downhill and uphill running","volume":"38","author":"Gottschall J. S.","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of Biomechanics"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_11_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/dmrr.3276","article-title":"Guidelines on diagnosis, prognosis, and management of peripheral artery disease in patients with foot ulcers and diabetes (IWGDF 2019 update)","volume":"36","author":"Hinchliffe R. J.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Diabetes\/Metabolism Research and Reviews"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_11_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-002-0644-y","article-title":"Oxygenation in vastus lateralis and lateral head of gastrocnemius during treadmill walking and running in humans","volume":"87","author":"Hiroyuki H.","year":"2002","journal-title":"European Journal of Applied Physiology"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_11_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.12965\/jer.1735114.557","article-title":"Skeletal muscle contraction\u2010induced vasodilation in the microcirculation","volume":"13","author":"Hong K.\u2010S.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Exercise Rehabilitation"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_33_1","volume-title":"StatPearls","author":"Khan A.","year":"2023"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_34_1","volume-title":"Cardiovascular physiology concepts","author":"Klabunde R. E.","year":"2022"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_11_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1159\/000051026","article-title":"Venous pressure dynamics of the healthy human leg: Role of muscle activity, joint mobility and anthropometric factors","volume":"38","author":"K\u00fcgler C.","year":"2001","journal-title":"Journal of Vascular Research"},{"issue":"9","key":"e_1_2_11_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1621","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2005.05.005","article-title":"The effects of sloped surfaces on locomotion: A kinematic and kinetic analysis","volume":"39","author":"Lay A. N.","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of Biomechanics"},{"issue":"12","key":"e_1_2_11_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1599","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/36\/12\/005","article-title":"A convenient method of measuring the thermal conductivity of biological tissue","volume":"36","author":"Liang X. G.","year":"1991","journal-title":"Physics in Medicine & Biology"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_11_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1053\/ejvs.2001.1331","article-title":"The importance of doppler angle of insonation on differentiation between 50\u201369% and 70\u201399% carotid artery stenosis","volume":"21","author":"Logason K.","year":"2001","journal-title":"European Journal of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery"},{"issue":"13","key":"e_1_2_11_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2491","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2005.07.025","article-title":"Gait dynamics on an inclined walkway","volume":"39","author":"McIntosh A. S.","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of Biomechanics"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_11_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1039","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.01177.2001","article-title":"Energy cost of walking and running at extreme uphill and downhill slopes","volume":"93","author":"Minetti A. E.","year":"2002","journal-title":"Journal of Applied Physiology"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_11_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2000-301","article-title":"Relationship among oxygenation, myoelectric activity, and lactic acid accumulation in vastus lateralis muscle during exercise with constant work rate","volume":"21","author":"Miura H.","year":"2000","journal-title":"International Journal of Sports Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtherbio.2017.07.006","article-title":"Thermographic imaging in sports and exercise medicine: A Delphi study and consensus statement on the measurement of human skin temperature","volume":"69","author":"Moreira D. G.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Thermal Biology"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_11_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1741","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1999.87.5.1741","article-title":"Rapid vasodilation in response to a brief tetanic muscle contraction","volume":"87","author":"Naik J. S.","year":"1999","journal-title":"Journal of Applied Physiology"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/140968","article-title":"Plantar temperature response to walking in diabetes with and without acute charcot: The charcot activity response test","volume":"2012","author":"Najafi B.","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Aging Research"},{"issue":"9","key":"e_1_2_11_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0286521","article-title":"Mechanics of the human foot during walking on different slopes","volume":"18","author":"Papachatzis N.","year":"2023","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_11_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R162","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00121.2021","article-title":"Body mass\u2010normalized moderate dose of dietary nitrate intake improves endothelial function and walking capacity in patients with peripheral artery disease","volume":"321","author":"Pekas E. J.","year":"2021","journal-title":"American Journal of Physiology\u2010 Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_11_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"H314","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.1998.274.1.H314","article-title":"Muscle blood flow at onset of dynamic exercise in humans","volume":"274","author":"R\u00e5degran G.","year":"1998","journal-title":"American Journal of Physiology\u2010Heart and Circulatory Physiology"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_11_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"H162","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.2000.278.1.H162","article-title":"Human femoral artery diameter in relation to knee extensor muscle mass, peak blood flow, and oxygen uptake","volume":"278","author":"R\u00e5degran G.","year":"2000","journal-title":"American Journal of Physiology\u2010Heart and Circulatory Physiology"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_11_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"H1194","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00431.2019","article-title":"Salt restriction lowers blood pressure at rest and during exercise without altering peripheral hemodynamics in hypertensive individuals","volume":"317","author":"Ratchford S. M.","year":"2019","journal-title":"American Journal of Physiology\u2014Heart and Circulatory Physiology"},{"issue":"13","key":"e_1_2_11_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2607","DOI":"10.1113\/JP279447","article-title":"Steady\u2010state sweating during exercise is determined by the evaporative requirement for heat balance independently of absolute core and skin temperatures","volume":"598","author":"Ravanelli N.","year":"2020","journal-title":"The Journal of Physiology"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2016.12.008","article-title":"Walking cadence affects rate of plantar foot temperature change but not final temperature in younger and older adults","volume":"52","author":"Reddy P. N.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Gait & Posture"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_11_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1080\/2000625X.2017.1361298","article-title":"The thermoregulation of healthy individuals, overweight\u2013obese, and diabetic from the plantar skin thermogram: A clue to predict the diabetic foot","volume":"8","author":"Renero\u2010C F.\u2010J","year":"2017","journal-title":"Diabetic Foot & Ankle"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_11_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"H977","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00184.2015","article-title":"Oral antioxidants improve leg blood flow during exercise in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"309","author":"Rossman M. J.","year":"2015","journal-title":"American Journal of Physiology\u2014Heart and Circulatory Physiology"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_11_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.1974.54.1.75","article-title":"Human cardiovascular adjustments to exercise and thermal stress","volume":"54","author":"Rowell L. B.","year":"1974","journal-title":"Physiological Reviews"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_11_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1111\/1523-1747.ep12497938","article-title":"Reflex Control Of The Cutaneous Vasculature","volume":"69","author":"Rowell L. B.","year":"1977","journal-title":"Journal of Investigative Dermatology"},{"issue":"13","key":"e_1_2_11_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2395","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.02310","article-title":"The cost of running uphill: Linking organismal and muscle energy use in guinea fowl (Numida meleagris)","volume":"209","author":"Rubenson J.","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Biology"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2015.01.007","article-title":"Effect of gait on formation of thermal environment inside footwear","volume":"49","author":"Shimazaki Y.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Applied Ergonomics"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_11_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.2001.81.1.209","article-title":"Physiology of Nitric Oxide in Skeletal Muscle","volume":"81","author":"Stamler J. S.","year":"2001","journal-title":"Physiological Reviews"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_11_59_1","first-page":"783","article-title":"Calf muscle pump pressure\u2010flow cycle during ambulation","volume":"11","author":"Tauraginskii R. A.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Journal of Vascular Surgery: Venous and Lymphatic Disorders"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_11_60_1","article-title":"The human lower leg muscle pump functions as a flow diverter pump, maintaining low ambulatory venous pressures during locomotion","volume":"13","author":"Tauraginskii R. A.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Journal of Vascular Surgery: Venous and Lymphatic Disorders"},{"issue":"11","key":"e_1_2_11_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"714","DOI":"10.1089\/dia.2014.0052","article-title":"Diagnostic Values for Skin Temperature Assessment to Detect Diabetes\u2010Related Foot Complications","volume":"16","author":"Netten J. J.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_11_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1122","DOI":"10.1177\/193229681300700504","article-title":"Infrared thermal imaging for automated detection of diabetic foot complications","volume":"7","author":"Netten J. J.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_11_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1697","DOI":"10.2337\/dc13-2470","article-title":"Risk factors for plantar foot ulcer recurrence in neuropathic diabetic patients","volume":"37","author":"Waaijman R.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470549148","volume-title":"Biomechanics and motor control of human movement","author":"Winter D.","year":"2009"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mvr.2016.12.007","article-title":"Characterizing human skin blood flow regulation in response to different local skin temperature perturbations","volume":"111","author":"Wu Y.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Microvascular Research"},{"issue":"15","key":"e_1_2_11_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3767","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2014.09.028","article-title":"Temperature as a predictive tool for plantar triaxial loading","volume":"47","author":"Yavuz M.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Biomechanics"},{"issue":"11","key":"e_1_2_11_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e178","DOI":"10.2337\/dc15-1147","article-title":"Association between plantar temperatures and triaxial stresses in individuals with diabetes","volume":"38","author":"Yavuz M.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_11_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.7547\/1000116","article-title":"Plantar shear stress distribution in athletic individuals with frictional foot blisters","volume":"100","author":"Yavuz M.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_11_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.7547\/17-131","article-title":"Temperature as a causative factor in diabetic foot ulcers: A call to revisit ulceration pathomechanics","volume":"109","author":"Yavuz M.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association"}],"container-title":["Experimental Physiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1113\/EP093712","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1113\/EP093712","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1113\/EP093712","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T14:30:31Z","timestamp":1785335431000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1113\/EP093712"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]]},"references-count":68,"alternative-id":["10.1113\/EP093712"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1113\/ep093712","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0958-0670","1469-445X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0958-0670","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-445X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-01-29","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-06-10","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-07-29","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"EP093712"}}