{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T05:26:18Z","timestamp":1788326778426,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":76,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K01AG064038"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K01AG064038"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R21 AG80503\u201001A1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R21 AG80503\u201001A1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Experimental Physiology"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Hot flushes of menopause are associated with elevated blood pressure (BP) and diminished macrovascular endothelial function, an initiating factor in the onset of atherosclerosis. Whether microvascular endothelial function is impaired in females with hot flushes, however, remains unknown. We hypothesised that postmenopausal females with hot flushes would have reduced microvascular endothelial function and elevated BP in comparison to age\u2010matched females without hot flushes. Participants were healthy postmenopausal females, aged 45\u201370 years; participants experiencing at least three hot flushes per day were placed in the hot flush (HF) group (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a016), whereas participants with no history of hot flushes were placed in the non\u2010HF group (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a018). Heart rate (ECG) and BP (finger plethysmography) were measured during a 10\u00a0min rest period, and endothelial function was measured with pulse amplitude tonometry (EndoPAT 2000), quantified by the reactive hyperaemia index (RHI) and the natural logarithm of the RHI (LnRHI). Groups were similar in age, age at menopause and body mass index, in addition to systolic BP, diastolic BP and heart rate between groups (\n                    <jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n                    &gt;\u00a00.05). The RHI was lower in the HF group (1.87\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.47\u00a0a.u.) compared with the non\u2010HF group (2.31\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.67\u00a0a.u.,\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a00.047), and the difference between LnRHI in the HF group (0.63\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.21\u00a0a.u.) and the non\u2010HF group was nearly significant (0.80\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.27\u00a0a.u.,\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a00.052). New findings from this study demonstrate a lower microvascular endothelial function in females with hot flushes in comparison to females without hot flushes, although BP and heart rate were not different between the groups. The reduced microvascular endothelial function demonstrated in females with hot flushes is likely to contribute to greater cardiovascular disease development.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1113\/ep093733","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T05:01:37Z","timestamp":1788325297000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Microvascular endothelial function is blunted in postmenopausal females with frequent hot flushes"],"prefix":"10.1113","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2934-8532","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"William","family":"Stokes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, Medical School University of Minnesota Minneapolis Minnesota USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chowdhury Tasnova","family":"Tahsin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, Medical School University of Minnesota Minneapolis Minnesota USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miguel F.","family":"Anselmo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, Medical School University of Minnesota Minneapolis Minnesota USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephany","family":"Nathe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, Medical School University of Minnesota Minneapolis Minnesota USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7033-6632","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emma J.","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, Medical School University of Minnesota Minneapolis Minnesota USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Soliana","family":"Teshome","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health Johns Hopkins University  Baltimore Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2687-3910","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marnie L.","family":"Vanden Noven","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Exercise Science Belmont University  Nashville Tennessee USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne","family":"Blaes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Hematology and Oncology, Medical School University of Minnesota  Minneapolis Minnesota USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benjamin W.","family":"Langworthy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Biostatistics and Health Data Science, School of Public Health University of Minnesota  Minneapolis Minnesota USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9363-5379","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manda L.","family":"Keller\u2010Ross","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, Medical School University of Minnesota Minneapolis Minnesota 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