{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T17:57:30Z","timestamp":1790877450161,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787875200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787875200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Experimental Physiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Prolonged glucocorticoid exposure induces skeletal muscle atrophy through suppression of protein synthesis and activation of catabolic signalling pathways. Although exercise attenuates glucocorticoid\u2010induced muscle loss, whether exercise\u2010induced increases in body temperature contribute remains unclear. In this study, we examined whether exercise in different thermal conditions modulates skeletal muscle atrophy and intracellular signalling during glucocorticoid exposure. Female Sprague\u2013Dawley rats (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a048) were assigned to six groups: control (CON), dexamethasone\u2010treated (DEX), cold exercise (\u223c5\u00b0C; CE), cold exercise with dexamethasone (CED), warm exercise (25\u00b0C; WE) and warm exercise with dexamethasone. Exercise protocols were matched, and dexamethasone was administered for 5 days. Dexamethasone reduced plantaris muscle mass (by 17%,\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.0001) and fibre cross\u2010sectional area (27%,\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.0001). During dexamethasone treatment, exercise in a cold environment provided partial protection, with muscle mass higher than DEX (\n                    <jats:italic>P =<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a00.0476), but both muscle mass and fibre CSA remained lower than CON (\n                    <jats:italic>P =<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a00.0096 and\n                    <jats:italic>P =<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a00.0215, respectively). In contrast, exercise in a warm environment preserved muscle mass and fibre CSA (no difference vs. CON) and\u00a0resulted in higher muscle mass (\n                    <jats:italic>P =<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a00.0070) and fibre CSA (\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.0001) than DEX. Exercise\u2010induced increases in rectal temperature were associated with higher Hsp72 and Hsp25 expression, partial preservation of Akt\u2013FoxO3a signalling and reduced MuRF1 expression, whereas exercise in a cold environment showed minimal heat shock protein response and limited suppression of catabolic signalling. These findings indicate that exercise\u2010induced elevation of body temperature enhances protection against glucocorticoid\u2010induced skeletal muscle atrophy and support a role for heat\u2010associated cellular stress responses in modulating muscle protein turnover during glucocorticoid exposure.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1113\/ep093744","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T17:06:25Z","timestamp":1787936785000},"page":"4781-4792","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Elevation of body temperature during exercise enhances protection against dexamethasone\u2011induced skeletal muscle atrophy"],"prefix":"10.1113","volume":"111","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9678-8001","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Berkay","family":"Ozerklig","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Exercise and Sport Sciences Exercise and Sport Physiology Division Faculty of Sport Sciences Hacettepe University  Ankara Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5729-5944","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Senay","family":"Akin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Exercise and Sport Sciences Exercise and Sport Physiology Division Faculty of Sport Sciences Hacettepe University  Ankara Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seda Olgaz","family":"Bingol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Turkish Doping Control Center Hacettepe University  Ankara Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bulent Okan","family":"Yildiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism Hacettepe University School of Medicine  Ankara Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Scott K.","family":"Powers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology University of Florida  Gainesville Florida USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ibrahim","family":"Turkel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Exercise and Sport Sciences Exercise and Sport Physiology Division Faculty of Sport Sciences Hacettepe University  Ankara Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haydar A.","family":"Demirel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Sport Sciences Near East University  Nicosia Cyprus"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12576-016-0473-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncb1101-1014"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2015.00012"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1988.sp017279"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004836-200110000-00006"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1249\/00005768-199310000-00009"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.2001.91.5.2205"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.08-124602"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00054.2021"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1990.69.3.1058"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cells8050406"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00031.2023"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14814\/phy2.13014"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00075197-199905000-00002"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-physiol-020518-114310"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000493040"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00389.2016"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M112.390369"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.91481.2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.molpharmaceut.5b00516"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2990.1981.tb00240.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00487.2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2015.08.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2014.05.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/JP278853"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.CCM.0000279194.11328.77"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.33549\/physiolres.932942"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.2000.88.1.359"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1139\/H08-069"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00581.2007"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jshs.2020.04.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(04)00400-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.05.036"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/2044-5040-1-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.00315.2009"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.08-110163"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2012.11.028"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12427"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.25609"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0205456"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.00361.2013"}],"container-title":["Experimental 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