{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T17:58:07Z","timestamp":1790877487131,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,11]],"date-time":"2026-07-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783728000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,11]],"date-time":"2026-07-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783728000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Experimental Physiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Group III\/IV skeletal muscle afferents respond to intramuscular mechanical and metabolic stimuli and are more active in fatigued muscle. These afferents project onto the brainstem and motor cortex and modulate cardiovascular and motor responses during exercise. The maximal rate of heart rate (HR) increase (rHRI), a marker of HR acceleration during the rest\u2010to\u2010exercise transition, is linearly related to exercise performance across various training and fatigue states, being faster with better exercise performance and vice versa. This study evaluated the effect of feedback from group III\/IV afferents on rHRI in non\u2010fatigued muscle. HR data were collected in eight recreationally active male participants (24\u00a0\u00b1\u00a01\u00a0years) during the transition from rest to 3\u00a0min of cycling at 100\u00a0W under control (CON) conditions and following lumbar intrathecal fentanyl (FENT) infusion to impair feedback from group III\/IV afferents of the leg. rHRI was defined as the maximal first\u2010derivative value of a logistic curve fitted to the HR data. Pre\u2010exercise HR was similar in CON and FENT (CON 91.7\u00a0\u00b1\u00a016.7\u00a0bpm, FENT 99.8\u00a0\u00b1\u00a015.5\u00a0bpm,\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a00.250). HR increased more with exercise during CON than FENT (B\u00a0=\u00a010.01, 95% CI 5.33 to 14.70,\n                    <jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt;\u00a00.001) but rHRI was faster during FENT (B\u00a0=\u00a01.52, 95% CI 0.24 to 2.80,\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a00.020). In non\u2010fatigued muscle, feedback from group III\/IV afferents slowed rHRI. Increased feedback when muscle is fatigued may slow rHRI further which may explain the relationship between rHRI and exercise performance seen in previous studies, but further studies on fatigued muscle are required to confirm this.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1113\/ep093776","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,11]],"date-time":"2026-07-11T22:20:42Z","timestamp":1783808442000},"page":"4344-4350","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Feedback from group III\/IV afferents in skeletal muscle slows heart rate acceleration when transitioning from rest to low\u2010intensity exercise in males"],"prefix":"10.1113","volume":"111","author":[{"given":"Shane","family":"Burgess","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), School of Allied Health and Human Performance Adelaide University  Adelaide South Australia Australia"},{"name":"Department of Physiotherapy James Cook University  Townsville Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simranjit K","family":"Sidhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences Adelaide University  Adelaide South Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samuel","family":"Chalmers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), School of Allied Health and Human Performance Adelaide University  Adelaide South Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Markus","family":"Amann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology University of Utah  Salt Lake City Utah USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0298-2186","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jonathan D","family":"Buckley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), School of Allied Health and Human Performance Adelaide University  Adelaide South Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1997.82.6.1811"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00462.2010"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-017-3549-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1123\/ijspp.2021-0060"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/expphysiol.2013.074377"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/j.2040-4603.2015.tb00614.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hec.4510"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/JP275465"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4615-0713-0_4"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.01308.2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurom.2021.10.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1993.74.2.875"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-59369-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-017-3728-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2013.02.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10286-010-0092-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.19.2.400"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.25062"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/JP276460"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0000000000000923"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15438627.2015.1076414"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00303.2023"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/JP283051"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2014.271858"}],"container-title":["Experimental 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