{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T18:04:06Z","timestamp":1785434646214,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]],"date-time":"2026-06-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781654400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]],"date-time":"2026-06-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781654400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Experimental Physiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Ulcerative colitis (UC) involves excessive inflammation, extracellular matrix remodelling and oxidative stress. Ethyl pyruvate (EP) exhibits anti\u2010inflammatory effects, but the comparative efficacy of prophylactic versus therapeutic administration and timing\u2010dependent molecular responses remains unclear. The objective of this work was to evaluate timing\u2010dependent protective and therapeutic effects of EP in trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)\u2010induced experimental colitis, focusing on inflammatory mediators, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), oxidative status and gene expression. Rats were randomly assigned to Control, EP, Colitis, Pre\u2010colitis (EP before TNBS) and Post\u2010colitis (EP after TNBS) groups. Colonic injury was assessed macroscopically and histopathologically. Tissue levels of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)\u20102, MMP\u20109, interleukin (IL)\u20101, IL\u201017, IL\u201010, nuclear factor\u2010\u03baB (NF\u2010\u03baB), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) were measured using ELISA kits. Gene expression of MMP\u20109, cytokines, NF\u2010\u03baB, high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), iNOS and interferon\u2010\u03b3 was analysed by quantitative real\u2010time PCR. TNBS induced severe colonic injury with upregulation of pro\u2010inflammatory cytokines, NF\u2010\u03baB signalling, MMP\u20102\/9 and oxidative imbalance (\n                    <jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt;\u00a00.01). EP attenuated tissue damage in both prophylactic and therapeutic settings. Post\u2010colitis (therapeutic) EP administration produced greater suppression of MMP\u20102, MMP\u20109, NF\u2010\u03baB, HMGB1 and iNOS, along with superior restoration of TAC (\n                    <jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt;\u00a00.05), indicating timing\u2010dependent modulation of inflammatory and matrix degradation pathways. EP exerts both preventive and therapeutic effects in TNBS\u2010induced colitis by suppressing inflammatory signalling, regulating extracellular matrix remodelling and enhancing antioxidant defences. Therapeutic administration is more effective than prophylactic treatment, highlighting the importance of timing in optimizing EP's efficacy in inflammatory bowel disease.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1113\/ep093786","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]],"date-time":"2026-06-17T12:10:51Z","timestamp":1781698251000},"page":"3731-3741","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Timing\u2010dependent protective and therapeutic effects of ethyl pyruvate in trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid\u2010induced experimental colitis"],"prefix":"10.1113","volume":"111","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0550-9899","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hatice","family":"Yorulmaz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine Hali\u00e7 University, Eyup  Istanbul Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2476-1328","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elif","family":"Yorulmaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology University of Health Sciences Ba\u011fc\u0131lar Training and Research Hospital  Istanbul Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4124-2607","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elif","family":"\u00d6zk\u00f6k","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine Istanbul University  Istanbul Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0267-1302","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Suat Hayri","family":"K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Biochemistry Ba\u011fc\u0131lar Training and Research 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and Genetics Hali\u00e7 University  Istanbul Turkey"},{"name":"Institute of Biotechnology Gebze Technical University  Kocaeli Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0267-8360","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Serdar","family":"Alt\u0131nay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology Faculty of Medicine University of Health Sciences  Istanbul 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