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Exercise supports overall health and VAT mass reduction in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Unlike tumour necrosis factor (TNF), interleukin\u20106 (IL\u20106) is upregulated following exercise and is involved in free fatty acid mobilisation and might mediate the reduction in VAT mass. Given that treatment strategies for patients with RA include the inhibition of IL\u20106 (IL\u20106i) or TNF (TNFi), in this study we compared the effects of exercise on changes in VAT mass in patients with RA on stable IL\u20106i or TNFi treatment. In this secondary analysis of a randomised controlled trial, 69 patients with RA on stable TNFi (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a040) or IL\u20106i (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a029) therapy were stratified for treatment and assigned to a 12\u2010week supervised high\u2010intensity interval training (HIIT) intervention or no exercise (control). The primary objective was to investigate the effects of TNFi or IL\u20106i therapy on exercise\u2010induced changes in VAT mass (in grams) from baseline to 12\u2010week follow\u2010up, assessed by abdominal MRI. Compared with the control group, HIIT did not change VAT mass in either TNFi {\u221234\u00a0g [95% confidence interval (CI), \u2212206 to 139\u00a0g;\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a00.696]} or IL\u20106i [\u221216\u00a0g [95% CI, \u2212228 to 197\u00a0g;\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a00.882)] treatment groups. There was no interaction between IL\u20106i and exercise on changes in VAT mass [18\u00a0g (95% CI, \u2212256 to 292); interaction\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a00.895]. Exercise\u2010induced changes to the subcutaneous adipose tissue and insulin sensitivity were negligible and not significantly different between treatment modalities. In conclusion, a 12\u2010week HIIT intervention did not reduce VAT mass in patients with RA undergoing treatment with either TNFi or IL\u20106i.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1113\/ep093787","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]],"date-time":"2026-06-17T00:55:22Z","timestamp":1781657722000},"page":"3684-3698","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Effects of tumour necrosis factor and interleukin\u20106 inhibitor therapy on exercise\u2010related visceral adipose tissue reduction in rheumatoid arthritis"],"prefix":"10.1113","volume":"111","author":[{"given":"Simon","family":"J\u00f8nck","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Physical Activity Research Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen  Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0394-0722","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Malte Lund","family":"Adamsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Physical Activity Research Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen  Copenhagen Denmark"},{"name":"House of Research Holb\u00e6k Hospital  Holb\u00e6k Denmark"},{"name":"Copenhagen Center for Autoimmune and Connective Tissue Diseases (COPEACT) Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen  Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6349-0308","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Iben E.","family":"Rasmussen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Physical Activity Research Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen  Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna A.","family":"Lytzen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Physical Activity Research Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen  Copenhagen 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Copenhagen  Copenhagen Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen  Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5654-4993","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S\u00f8ren","family":"Jacobsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Copenhagen Center for Autoimmune and Connective Tissue Diseases (COPEACT) Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen  Copenhagen Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen  Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bente Klarlund","family":"Pedersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Physical Activity Research Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen  Copenhagen 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