{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T17:58:45Z","timestamp":1790877525945,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786579200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786579200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Experimental Physiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Cancer cachexia, affecting up to 80% of patients with advanced cancer, is characterized by metabolic and inflammatory dysregulation driven by tumour\u2010 and host\u2010derived factors. Although cytokines are central to cachexia pathogenesis, their circulating profiles and transcriptional relevance across models and sexes remain incompletely defined. We characterized plasma cytokines and skeletal muscle inflammatory signatures in multiple cachexia models, including Lewis Lung Carcinoma (LLC), Colon\u201026 (C26) and\n                    <jats:italic>\n                      Apc\n                      <jats:sup>Min\/+<\/jats:sup>\n                    <\/jats:italic>\n                    mice. Animals were monitored for 4\u00a0weeks (LLC), 25\u00a0days (C26) or until \u223c20\u00a0weeks of age (\n                    <jats:italic>\n                      Apc\n                      <jats:sup>Min\/+<\/jats:sup>\n                    <\/jats:italic>\n                    ) per model appropriate endpoints. Publicly available RNA\u2010sequencing datasets from gastrocnemius (LLC) and tibialis anterior (C26 and\n                    <jats:italic>\n                      Apc\n                      <jats:sup>Min\/+<\/jats:sup>\n                    <\/jats:italic>\n                    ) muscles were integrated with plasma profiling using a Mouse Cytokine\/Chemokine 32\u2010Plex assay. To enhance accessibility and reproducibility, we developed an interactive Shiny application \u2013 thecachexiatlas\/Cytokine Explorer \u2013 enabling dynamic visualization of cytokine levels, transcriptional signatures and phenotype correlations across models and sexes. Cytokine receptor encoding genes (\n                    <jats:italic>Il6ra<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>Il4ra<\/jats:italic>\n                    , C\n                    <jats:italic>sf3<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>Osmr<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) and inflammatory pathways were consistently enriched in skeletal muscle of cachectic animals across models and sexes. Among circulating cytokines, granulocyte colony\u2010stimulating factor (G\u2010CSF) was uniquely elevated in all models and both sexes. Elevated G\u2010CSF levels exhibited stronger negative correlations with tibialis anterior muscle mass than the commonly used cytokine interleukin (IL)\u20106, particularly when expressed as the ratio of G\u2010CSF to the anti\u2010inflammatory cytokine IL\u201013. The G\u2010CSF:IL\u201013 ratio may represent a robust global biomarker of cachexia severity. The Cytokine Explorer Shiny app provides an open, interactive platform to facilitate hypothesis generation and advance research in cancer cachexia.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1113\/ep093809","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T08:03:16Z","timestamp":1786608196000},"page":"4705-4721","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Circulating granulocyte colony\u2010stimulating factor as a sex\u2010unbiased global marker of lung and colorectal cancer cachexia pre\u2010clinical models"],"prefix":"10.1113","volume":"111","author":[{"given":"Francielly","family":"Morena","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cachexia Research Laboratory, Exercise Science Research Center, Department of Health, Human Performance and Recreation University of Arkansas  Fayetteville Arkansas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eleanor R.","family":"Schrems","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Exercise Muscle Biology Laboratory, Exercise Science Research Center, Department of Health, Human Performance and Recreation University of Arkansas  Fayetteville Arkansas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9811-3585","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana Regina","family":"Cabrera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cachexia Research Laboratory, Exercise Science Research Center, Department of Health, Human Performance and Recreation University of Arkansas  Fayetteville Arkansas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruqaiza","family":"Muhyudin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cachexia Research Laboratory, Exercise Science Research Center, Department of Health, Human Performance and Recreation University of Arkansas  Fayetteville Arkansas 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Florida  Gainesville Florida USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1919-5907","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tyrone A.","family":"Washington","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Exercise Muscle Biology Laboratory, Exercise Science Research Center, Department of Health, Human Performance and Recreation University of Arkansas  Fayetteville Arkansas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9621-2005","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicholas P.","family":"Greene","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cachexia Research Laboratory, Exercise Science Research Center, Department of Health, Human Performance and Recreation University of Arkansas  Fayetteville Arkansas 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