{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T18:35:54Z","timestamp":1788546954795,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]],"date-time":"2026-06-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780963200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]],"date-time":"2026-06-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780963200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Experimental Physiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Skin temperature is fundamental in characterising human thermoregulatory responses. Wired probes, although accurate, restrict movement and are impractical outside laboratory settings. The iButton (DS1922L; Maxim Integrated, USA) is a widely used wireless alternative but does not meet the precision recommended by ISO 9886 and permits only retrospective data retrieval. A recently developed wireless sensor, the eTemp Performance (BodyCAP, France), claims to address these limitations but has not been validated independently. Here, we compared the eTemp and iButton against a wired thermocouple reference (SST\u20101; Physitemp, USA) during rest, exercise and recovery in the heat [mean (SD): 35.0 (0.5)\u00b0C, 40.6 (1.5)% relative humidity]. Twenty\u2010six adults (10 women) completed seated rest (15\u00a0min), cycling at fixed heat production (30\u00a0min) and passive recovery (15\u00a0min). Mean skin temperature was calculated using the Ramanathan four\u2010site formula. Across all periods, the eTemp showed a small negative bias (mean difference, \u22120.04\u00b0C; 95% limits of agreement, \u22120.33\u00b0C to 0.25\u00b0C; concordance correlation coefficient, 0.986), whereas the iButton showed a small positive bias (+0.11\u00b0C; 95% limits of agreement, \u22120.23\u00b0C to 0.46\u00b0C; concordance correlation coefficient, 0.974). The eTemp met all a priori acceptability thresholds for mean skin temperature. The iButton met the acceptability threshold for mean bias in all periods and was statistically equivalent to the reference; however, the 95% confidence interval on the upper limit of agreement marginally exceeded 0.5\u00b0C during exercise, recovery and overall. These findings provide the first independent validation of the eTemp Performance sensor and support the use of both wireless devices for mean skin temperature measurement during exercise\u2013heat stress, notwithstanding the known limitations in accuracy of the iButton against the ISO 9886 standard.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1113\/ep093856","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]],"date-time":"2026-06-09T12:02:12Z","timestamp":1781006532000},"page":"3463-3479","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Accuracy of next\u2010generation wireless skin temperature sensors during exercise\u2013heat stress"],"prefix":"10.1113","volume":"111","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5581-5018","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aaron J. E.","family":"Bach","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health Sciences and Social Work Griffith University  Gold Coast Queensland Australia"},{"name":"Australia Centre for Precision Health and Technology Griffith University  Gold Coast Queensland Australia"},{"name":"Griffith Institute for Human and Environmental Resilience Griffith University  Nathan Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4054-4662","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Norman R.","family":"Morris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health Sciences and Social Work Griffith University  Gold Coast Queensland Australia"},{"name":"Australia Centre for Precision Health and Technology Griffith University  Gold Coast Queensland Australia"},{"name":"Allied Health Research Collaborative The Prince Charles Hospital Metro North Hospital and Health Service  Chermside Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1267-6035","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Surendran","family":"Sabapathy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health Sciences and Social Work Griffith University  Gold Coast Queensland Australia"},{"name":"Australia Centre for Precision Health and Technology Griffith University  Gold Coast Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0152-571X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David N.","family":"Borg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health University of the Sunshine Coast  Sippy Downs Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-7313-603X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Isabella","family":"Ennever","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy and Medicine Griffith University  Gold Coast Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5602-4496","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pramod","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health Sciences and Social Work Griffith University  Gold Coast Queensland Australia"},{"name":"Allied Health Research Collaborative The Prince Charles Hospital Metro North Hospital and Health Service  Chermside Queensland Australia"},{"name":"School of Health, Psychological and Medical Sciences University of Southern Queensland  Toowoomba Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9509-7682","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fergus K.","family":"O'Connor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health Sciences and Social Work Griffith University  Gold Coast Queensland Australia"},{"name":"Australia Centre for Precision Health and Technology Griffith University  Gold Coast Queensland Australia"},{"name":"Griffith Institute for Human and Environmental Resilience Griffith University  Nathan Queensland 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