{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,29]],"date-time":"2026-08-29T20:18:54Z","timestamp":1788034734249,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,29]],"date-time":"2026-08-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787961600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,29]],"date-time":"2026-08-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787961600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Experimental Physiology"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The physiological adaptations of long\u2010term high\u2010altitude residents without high\u2010altitude genetic ancestry remain poorly characterized. This study investigated whether permanent residence at low altitude (1200\u00a0m) influences performance at higher altitude (2500\u00a0m). We compared exercise responses at 2500\u00a0m in endurance\u2010trained athletes living for several years at 1200\u00a0m versus those residing at sea level. Twenty\u2010five male endurance athletes [13 altitude residents (AR) and 12 sea\u2010level residents (SLR)] performed maximal incremental cycle ergometer tests in their habitual environment (BASE: 1200\u00a0m or sea level) and in simulated moderate altitude (2500\u00a0m, inspired \u00a0=\u00a0109\u00a0mmHg). Gas\u2010exchange, heart rate, oxygen saturation, ventilatory and performance outcomes were measured continuously. At BASE, no between\u2010group differences were observed in anthropometrics, spirometry or aerobic capacity, while ventilatory reserve was more reduced in the AR group (\n                    <jats:italic>P =<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a00.004). Both groups exhibited significant reductions in aerobic capacity, maximal oxygen saturation and peak power output at 2500\u00a0m compared with BASE. However, AR athletes exhibited a lower percentage drop in maximal oxygen saturation (\n                    <jats:italic>P &lt;<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a00.001) and aerobic capacity (\n                    <jats:italic>P =<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a00.027). Maximal heart rate decreased significantly in SLR but remained unchanged in AR. At rest, the 2500\u00a0m condition significantly reduced oxygen saturation in SLR (\n                    <jats:italic>P &lt;<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a00.001) but not in AR. In conclusion, long\u2010term residence and training at 1200\u00a0m attenuate hypoxia\u2010induced performance decrements at 2500\u00a0m, mainly through better preservation of arterial oxygen saturation. Chronic exposure to low altitude might therefore induce functional pulmonary adaptations, with practical implications for endurance athletes training or competing at moderate altitude.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1113\/ep093863","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,29]],"date-time":"2026-08-29T20:04:25Z","timestamp":1788033865000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Impact of living and training at low altitude for several years on endurance performance at higher altitude: Myth or reality"],"prefix":"10.1113","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6157-4855","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fabienne","family":"Durand","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Espace\u2010Dev UPVD  Perpignan France"},{"name":"Espace\u2010Dev IRD, Univ. Montpellier  Montpellier France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-5053-2606","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sergi","family":"Brau Villaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Espace\u2010Dev UPVD  Perpignan France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5032-8301","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antoine","family":"Raberin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Sport Sciences University of Lausanne  Lausanne Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,29]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1113\/expphysiol.2011.058800","article-title":"Pulmonary system limitations to endurance exercise performance in humans: Pulmonary system and exercise performance","volume":"97","author":"Amann M.","year":"2012","journal-title":"Experimental Physiology"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1202","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm\/144.5.1202","article-title":"Lung function testing: Selection of reference values and interpretative strategies","volume":"144","author":"Anon","year":"1991","journal-title":"American Review of Respiratory Disease"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0838.2008.00827.x","article-title":"General introduction to altitude adaptation and mountain sickness","volume":"18","author":"B\u00e4rtsch P.","year":"2008","journal-title":"Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","first-page":"201","article-title":"Tibetan and Andean patterns of adaptation to high\u2010altitude hypoxia","volume":"72","author":"Beall C. 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