{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T17:57:13Z","timestamp":1790877433746,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]],"date-time":"2026-08-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786320000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]],"date-time":"2026-08-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786320000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001711","name":"Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur F\u00f6rderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32003B_204364 \/ 1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32003B_204364 \/ 1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001711","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Experimental Physiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Muscle cramps are painful, involuntary contractions thought to arise from altered spinal motoneuron excitability, potentially involving persistent inward currents (PICs). We examined whether cramp susceptibility is associated with altered PIC\u2010related motoneuron behaviour and whether electrically induced cramp modifies these estimates. Twenty\u2010eight healthy, active adults performed triangular plantar\u2010flexor contractions before and after a cramp threshold frequency test designed to evoke cramp in gastrocnemius medialis. Participants were classified as crampers or controls according to cramp test outcome. Contributions of PICs to motoneuron discharge were estimated in soleus and gastrocnemius medialis from high\u2010density surface EMG recordings during triangular contractions decomposed into motor unit spike trains. Discharge rate hysteresis (\u0394\n                    <jats:italic>F<\/jats:italic>\n                    ), brace height, associated slopes and self\u2010sustained discharge duration characterized PIC\u2010related modulation of motor unit firing. Spinal reflex excitability and centrally mediated neuromuscular responses were assessed using H reflexes and wide\u2010pulse, high\u2010frequency neuromuscular electrical stimulation. At baseline, \u0394\n                    <jats:italic>F<\/jats:italic>\n                    in gastrocnemius medialis was lower in crampers than in controls, whereas other PIC\u2010related estimates, wide\u2010pulse, high\u2010frequency\u2010evoked torque, sustained EMG activity, warm\u2010up effect and H\u2010reflex amplitudes did not differ between groups. After the cramp\u2010inducing protocol, \u0394\n                    <jats:italic>F<\/jats:italic>\n                    increased in gastrocnemius medialis and self\u2010sustained discharge duration increased in both muscles, while brace height remained unchanged in gastrocnemius medialis but decreased in soleus. Maximal discharge rate in gastrocnemius medialis decreased in crampers but not in controls. These findings indicate that cramp susceptibility is not associated with generalized motoneuronal hyperexcitability, but with subtle, muscle\u2010specific alterations in motoneuron discharge modulation.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1113\/ep093881","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]],"date-time":"2026-08-10T19:34:44Z","timestamp":1786390484000},"page":"4738-4752","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Muscle cramp susceptibility is associated with muscle\u2010specific modulation of human motoneuron discharge patterns"],"prefix":"10.1113","volume":"111","author":[{"given":"Timoth\u00e9e","family":"Popesco","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Sport Sciences, Faculty of Biology and Medicine University of Lausanne  Lausanne Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Romain","family":"Dos Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Sport Sciences, Faculty of Biology and Medicine University of Lausanne  Lausanne Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ilan","family":"Cassoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Sport Sciences, Faculty of Biology and Medicine University of Lausanne  Lausanne Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4667-4257","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gabriel S.","family":"Trajano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health Queensland University of Technology (QUT)  Brisbane Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gregory E. P.","family":"Pearcey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Human Kinetics and Recreation Memorial University of Newfoundland  St. John's Newfoundland and Labrador Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5670-286X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicola A.","family":"Maffiuletti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Human Performance Lab Schulthess Klinik  Zurich Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chris","family":"Donnelly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Sport Sciences, Faculty of Biology and Medicine University of Lausanne  Lausanne Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9776-7501","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bengt","family":"Kayser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Sport Sciences, Faculty of Biology and 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