{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T18:06:05Z","timestamp":1785434765586,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]],"date-time":"2026-06-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781222400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]],"date-time":"2026-06-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781222400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001511","name":"Auckland Medical Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2023 Project Grant"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023 Project Grant"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001511","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Experimental Physiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Independent effects of maternal obesogenic diets on offspring outcomes are acknowledged, but data on paternal and combined maternal\u2013paternal obesity remain limited. We investigated independent and combined maternal\u2013paternal effects of an obesogenic (OB) high\u2010fat, high\u2010sugar diet on offspring outcomes. Male (pat) and female (mat) rats were fed a control diet (CON) or OB diet for 5 weeks pre\u2010mating. Four groups were established: matCON\u2010patCON, matCON\u2010patOB, matOB\u2010patCON and matOB\u2010patOB. Offspring outcomes included birth weight and naso\u2010anal length, survival rates to weaning, weaning weight, retroperitoneal fat mass and plasma leptin. Mating success was reduced in OB\u2010exposed fathers. Male and female offspring from mothers fed the OB diet had lower birth weights. In males, birth weights were further reduced in the matOB\u2010patOB group. Combined maternal\u2013paternal obesity was also associated with shorter body length and higher neonatal mortality in offspring of both sexes. Postnatal survival was lower with maternal obesity and worsened with combined maternal\u2013paternal obesity. At weaning, male offspring exposed to maternal or combined maternal\u2013paternal obesity showed increased body weight, adiposity and plasma leptin concentrations. In females, body weight at weaning was higher across all parental obesogenic diet groups, and increased adiposity and plasma leptin concentrations were observed in maternal and combined maternal\u2013paternal obesity. Parental obesity had independent, combined and sex\u2010specific effects on early\u2010life outcomes, most severe with combined maternal\u2013paternal obesity. These findings emphasise the interacting role of maternal and paternal nutrition in shaping early\u2010life outcomes and highlight the need for research to determine effective strategies to optimise the health of both parents prior to conception.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1113\/ep093885","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,13]],"date-time":"2026-06-13T01:45:18Z","timestamp":1781315118000},"page":"3620-3634","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Independent and synergistic effects of maternal and paternal obesogenic diets on offspring early\u2010life outcomes in the rat"],"prefix":"10.1113","volume":"111","author":[{"given":"Khurram Jahangir","family":"Toor","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Liggins Institute The University of Auckland  Auckland New 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