{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T17:57:13Z","timestamp":1790877433784,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788480000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788480000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Experimental Physiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Intermittent apnoeas may induce hypoalgesia; however, the effects of low\u2010lung\u2010volume static apnoea have not been investigated. Eighty healthy participants were randomized to an apnoea group (AG) or a control group (CG). The AG performed a 6\u2010min protocol of intermittent static apnoea at low lung volume (passive exhalation), whereas the CG breathed normally in the supine position. Pressure pain thresholds (PPTs) were assessed at the thumb, tibialis anterior and C7, together with heart rate (HR), oxygen saturation (), and systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP). Open\u2010ended questions explored sensations, emotions and adverse effects. ANCOVA (baseline pressure pain threshold) revealed no significant between\u2010group differences in PPT at thumb (mean difference [MD]\u00a0=\u00a0\u22120.209\u00a0kg\/cm\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    ; 95% CI: \u22120.584, 0.158;\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a00.268), tibialis (MD\u00a0=\u00a00.014\u00a0kg\/cm\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    ; 95% CI: \u22120.341, 0.354;\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a00.939), or C7 (MD\u00a0=\u00a0\u22120.276\u00a0kg\/cm\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    ; 95% CI: \u22120.669, 0.102;\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a00.169). Intrasession analyses showed higher values in the AG for  (MD\u00a0=\u00a00.598%,\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a00.009), percentage maximum heart rate (MD\u00a0=\u00a04.344%,\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.0001), SBP (MD\u00a0=\u00a015.344\u00a0mmHg,\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.0001) and DBP (MD\u00a0=\u00a014.273\u00a0mmHg,\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.0001). The AG reported more distress\u2010related sensations and emotions, whereas the CG described more comfort\u2010related experiences. Adverse effects were mild. A 6\u2010min intermittent low\u2010lung\u2010volume static apnoea did not induce hypoalgesia despite autonomic and cardiovascular activation and was well tolerated. These findings suggest respiratory\u2010induced autonomic stress may be insufficient to modulate nociceptive processing, highlighting the importance of physiological conditions under which breath\u2010hold interventions may influence pain.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Trial registration: This study was prospectively registered on 27 November 2023, at ClinicalTrials.gov (Identifier: NCT06158256).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1113\/ep093960","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T17:35:46Z","timestamp":1788543346000},"page":"4928-4941","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Physiological and autonomic responses to intermittent low\u2010lung\u2010volume apnoea and pain sensitivity: A randomized controlled pilot trial"],"prefix":"10.1113","volume":"111","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-6340-9645","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristian","family":"Mendoza\u2010Arranz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Physical Activity and Health Research Group (AFYS), Faculty of Health Sciences Rey Juan Carlos University  Alcorc\u00f3n Madrid Spain"},{"name":"Department of Physical Therapy, Occupational Therapy, Rehabilitation and Physical Medicine Rey Juan Carlos University  Alcorc\u00f3n Madrid Spain"},{"name":"Cognitive Neuroscience, Pain, and Rehabilitation Research Group (NECODOR), Faculty of Health Sciences Rey Juan Carlos University  Alcorc\u00f3n Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7955-7255","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francisco","family":"De As\u00eds\u2010Fern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Physical Activity and Health Research Group (AFYS), Faculty of Health Sciences Rey Juan Carlos University  Alcorc\u00f3n Madrid Spain"},{"name":"Department of Physical Therapy, Occupational Therapy, Rehabilitation and Physical Medicine Rey Juan Carlos University  Alcorc\u00f3n Madrid Spain"},{"name":"Cognitive Neuroscience, Pain, and Rehabilitation Research Group (NECODOR), Faculty of Health Sciences Rey Juan Carlos University  Alcorc\u00f3n Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-3599-6256","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guillermo","family":"Miravet\u2010Mingo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Physical Activity and Health Research Group (AFYS), Faculty of Health Sciences Rey Juan Carlos University  Alcorc\u00f3n Madrid Spain"},{"name":"Department of Physical Therapy, Occupational Therapy, Rehabilitation and Physical Medicine Rey Juan Carlos University  Alcorc\u00f3n Madrid Spain"},{"name":"Cognitive Neuroscience, Pain, and Rehabilitation Research Group (NECODOR), Faculty of Health Sciences Rey Juan Carlos University  Alcorc\u00f3n Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 Vicente","family":"Le\u00f3n\u2010Hern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Fisioterapia Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud. Centro Superior de Estudios Universitarios La Salle Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Madrid  Madrid Spain"},{"name":"Motion in Brains Research Group, Centro Superior de Estudios Universitarios (CSEU) La Salle Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Madrid  Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9271-7521","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9","family":"Fierro\u2010Marrero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Physical Activity and Health Research Group (AFYS), Faculty of Health Sciences Rey Juan Carlos University  Alcorc\u00f3n Madrid Spain"},{"name":"Motion in Brains Research Group, Centro Superior de Estudios Universitarios (CSEU) La Salle Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Madrid  Madrid Spain"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine Health and Sports Department of Physiotherapy Universidad Europea de Madrid  Villaviciosa de Od\u00f3n Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u00c1lvaro","family":"Reina\u2010Varona","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Physical Activity and Health Research Group (AFYS), Faculty of Health Sciences Rey Juan Carlos University  Alcorc\u00f3n Madrid Spain"},{"name":"Departamento de Fisioterapia Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud. 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