{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T12:53:54Z","timestamp":1791896034958,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791849600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791849600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Experimental Physiology"],"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n The function of the common carotid artery (CCA) is integral to the regulation of cerebral perfusion. Although endurance training is associated with consistent vascular benefits, the effects of resistance training on CCA function are unclear. The cold pressor test (CPT) assesses CCA vasoreactivity via sympathetic stimulation, with peak CCA vasoreactivity (CAR%\n peak<\/jats:sub>\n ) reflecting integrated endothelial\u2013autonomic vascular function. In this study, we compared CAR%\n peak<\/jats:sub>\n during the CPT in resistance\u2010trained and untrained young men and examined associations with CCA stiffness and haemodynamics. CCA ultrasound was performed in 10 resistance\u2010trained [24 years (95% confidence interval: 22,26)] and 10 untrained [24 years (22,25)] men at baseline, during a 3\u2010min CPT and after recovery, with simultaneous haemodynamic assessment via finger plethysmography. CAR%\n peak<\/jats:sub>\n was defined as the maximal percentage increase in mean diameter from baseline. Secondary outcomes included CCA stiffness indices and haemodynamics. Both groups exhibited CCA vasodilatation during CPT; however, CAR%\n peak<\/jats:sub>\n was greater in resistance\u2010trained men (\n P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n =\u00a00.046). The resistance\u2010trained group also displayed greater increases in systolic diameter at end\u2010CPT (\n P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n =\u00a00.033), alongside attenuated pulse pressure (\n P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n =\u00a00.050; \u03b7\n 2<\/jats:sup>\n p<\/jats:sub>\n \u00a0=\u00a00.201) and \u03b2\n 1<\/jats:sub>\n \u2010stiffness (\n P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n =\u00a00.041) responses during CPT. CAR%\n peak<\/jats:sub>\n was negatively correlated with baseline \u03b2\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n \u2010stiffness in resistance\u2010trained men (\n r\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n =\u00a0\u22120.655;\n P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n =\u00a00.040), whereas in untrained control subjects it was positively correlated with peak pulse pressure (\n r\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n =\u00a00.677;\n P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n =\u00a00.031). In conclusion, resistance\u2010trained young men exhibit enhanced CCA vasoreactivity and attenuated pulse pressure and stiffness responses to sympathetic stimulation, reflecting favourable adaptations in endothelial\u2013autonomic vascular regulation. These findings highlight the potential of resistance training to improve central vascular function in early adulthood.\n <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1113\/ep093966","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T12:28:46Z","timestamp":1791894526000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Resistance\u2010trained young men exhibit enhanced carotid vasoreactivity during the cold pressor test"],"prefix":"10.1113","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5500-3215","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ian","family":"Hornby\u2010Foster","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Innovation and Development Cardiff Metropolitan University Cardiff UK"},{"name":"Weston General Hospital Bristol NHS Foundation Trust Weston\u2010Super\u2010Mare UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3605-7044","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cory T.","family":"Richards","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Innovation and Development Cardiff Metropolitan University Cardiff UK"},{"name":"School of Education, Health and Science University of Gloucestershire Gloucester UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5208-917X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aimee L.","family":"Drane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health and Wellbeing Academy, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences Swansea University Swansea UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Freya M.","family":"Lodge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology University Hospital of Wales Cardiff UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0818-6420","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael","family":"Stembridge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Innovation and Development Cardiff Metropolitan University Cardiff UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5385-7548","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rachel","family":"Lord","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Innovation and Development Cardiff Metropolitan University Cardiff UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zaheer","family":"Yousef","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology University Hospital of Wales Cardiff UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6572-7874","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Keeron","family":"Stone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Innovation and Development Cardiff Metropolitan University Cardiff UK"},{"name":"National Cardiovascular Research Network Wales UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5912-1278","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Barry J.","family":"McDonnell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Innovation and Development Cardiff Metropolitan University Cardiff UK"},{"name":"National Cardiovascular Research Network Wales UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5932-4793","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christopher J. A.","family":"Pugh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Innovation and Development Cardiff Metropolitan University Cardiff UK"},{"name":"National Cardiovascular Research Network Wales UK"},{"name":"School of Life Course and Population Health Sciences King's College London London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]]},"reference":[{"issue":"11","key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1906","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2021.02.023","article-title":"Endothelial control of cerebral blood flow","volume":"191","author":"Ashby J. 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T.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Experimental Biology and Medicine"},{"issue":"12","key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2501","DOI":"10.1097\/HJH.0000000000002581","article-title":"Effect of aerobic and resistance exercise training on inflammation, endothelial function and ambulatory blood pressure in middle\u2010aged hypertensive patients","volume":"38","author":"Boeno F. P.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Hypertension"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.119.12881","article-title":"Strong relationship between vascular function in the coronary and brachial arteries: A clinical coming of age for the updated flow\u2010mediated dilation test?","volume":"74","author":"Broxterman R. 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V.","year":"2020","journal-title":"International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health"},{"issue":"9","key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"980","DOI":"10.1097\/gme.0b013e3182135442","article-title":"Combined resistance and endurance exercise training improves arterial stiffness, blood pressure, and muscle strength in postmenopausal women","volume":"18","author":"Figueroa A.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Menopause"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1071","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00224.2017","article-title":"Extra\u2010and intracranial blood flow regulation during the cold pressor test: Influence of age","volume":"123","author":"Fl\u00fcck D.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Applied Physiology"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00014.2016","article-title":"Vascular adaptation to exercise in humans: Role of hemodynamic stimuli","volume":"97","author":"Green D. 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