{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T18:52:11Z","timestamp":1793213531655,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,15]],"date-time":"2026-08-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786752000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,15]],"date-time":"2026-08-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786752000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Experimental Physiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    High\u2010altitude chronic hypoxia can induce excessive erythrocytosis (EE, defined as a haemoglobin concentration of \u226521\u00a0g\/dL in men), leading to hyperviscosity and promoting endothelial dysfunction. We aimed to assess whether EE affects the retinal vascular phenotype and the ophthalmological vascular response to CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    . We conducted an ophthalmological cross\u2010sectional study among highlanders permanently living at 5100\u00a0m (La Rinconada, Peru). The central retinal artery equivalent (CRAE), central retinal vein equivalent (CRVE) and retinal vessel tortuosity were measured using semi\u2010automatic imaging software (VAMPIRE) from the diameters of the six largest arteries and veins on fundus images. Choroidal blood flow was assessed using laser Doppler flowmetry. Measurements were performed at rest and during a hypercapnic challenge (+10.1\u00a0\u00b1\u00a01.4\u00a0mmHg end\u2010tidal CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    )\n                    <jats:sub>.<\/jats:sub>\n                    Among the 62 included highlanders, 38 (61%) had EE. Compared with non\u2010EE, highlanders with EE exhibited higher CRVE (278\u00a0\u00b1\u00a025 vs. 249\u00a0\u00b1\u00a024\u00a0\u00b5m,\n                    <jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt;\u00a00.001), with no other significant ophthalmological differences. Resting CRVE was significantly correlated (all\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010values\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001) with haematocrit (\n                    <jats:italic>r\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n                    =\u00a00.56), haemoglobin concentration (\n                    <jats:italic>r\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n                    =\u00a00.65), blood volume (\n                    <jats:italic>r\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n                    =\u00a00.55) and the arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide (\n                    <jats:italic>r\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n                    =\u00a00.46). Hypercapnia led to a moderate overall decrease in CRVE (\u22128.6\u00a0\u00b1\u00a022.0\u00a0\u00b5m,\n                    <jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n                    =\u00a00.02), without a specific effect of EE, and induced no other retinal vascular or choroidal blood flow changes in either group. We observed larger retinal vein diameters in EE highlanders compared with non\u2010EE. Although hypercapnia is known to increase retinal vessel diameter in healthy lowlanders, it selectively decreased CRVE in highlanders, irrespective of EE status. These findings suggest a retinal vascular dysfunction in highlanders, probably induced by chronic exposure to severe hypoxia.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1113\/ep093967","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,15]],"date-time":"2026-08-15T10:10:26Z","timestamp":1786788626000},"page":"4814-4826","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Effect of chronic high\u2010altitude hypoxia on retinal vascular phenotype, choroidal and retinal vasoreactivity in Peruvian highlanders"],"prefix":"10.1113","volume":"111","author":[{"given":"Aymeric","family":"Paillisser","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology University Hospital of Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Alpes University  Grenoble France"},{"name":"INSERM, U1300, CHU Grenoble Alpes, HP2 Laboratory Universit\u00e9 Grenoble Alpes  Grenoble France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8076-9861","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julien Vincent","family":"Brugniaux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INSERM, U1300, CHU Grenoble Alpes, HP2 Laboratory Universit\u00e9 Grenoble Alpes  Grenoble France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Florence","family":"Berquet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology University Hospital of Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Alpes University  Grenoble France"},{"name":"INSERM, U1300, CHU Grenoble Alpes, HP2 Laboratory Universit\u00e9 Grenoble Alpes  Grenoble France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeremy","family":"De Abreu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology University Hospital of Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Alpes University  Grenoble France"},{"name":"INSERM, U1300, CHU Grenoble Alpes, HP2 Laboratory Universit\u00e9 Grenoble Alpes  Grenoble France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen","family":"Hogg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"VAMPIRE Project, Computing, School of Science and Engineering University of Dundee  Dundee UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emanuele","family":"Trucco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"VAMPIRE Project, Computing, School of Science and Engineering University of Dundee  Dundee UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martial","family":"Geiser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of System Engineering HES\u2010SO Valais Wallis  Sion Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tom","family":"Macgillivray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"VAMPIRE Project, Center for Clinical Brain Sciences University of Edinburgh  Edinburgh 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