{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T05:59:10Z","timestamp":1790315950422,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":87,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790208000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790208000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PJT\u2010173396"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PJT\u2010173396"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PJT\u2010162232"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PJT\u2010162232"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Experimental Physiology"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Sleep apnoea (SA) is a prevalent and complex respiratory disorder associated with recurrent interruptions of air flow during sleep. SA causes sleep fragmentation and intermittent hypoxia which leads to numerous negative health consequences. While SA is typically more common in men, its prevalence in women increases sharply after menopause, implicating the loss of ovarian hormones in its pathogenesis. Despite the potential of hormone replacement therapy to modulate SA, the physiological mechanisms linking loss of ovarian function to SA remain unclear. Using an integrative approach, we investigated the combined effects of surgical removal of the ovaries (ovariectomy; OVX) and a 7\u2010day moderate intermittent hypoxia protocol (IH; 30s at  0.10, 10 cycles\/h, 8\u00a0h\/day) on respiratory, metabolic, cardiovascular and neuroendocrine regulation, including hypothalamic\u2013pituitary\u2013adrenal (HPA) axis activation and leptin levels in adult female rats. OVX increased apnoea frequency, respiratory instability and ventilatory responses to O\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    (10%, 120\u00a0s) but not CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    (5%, 10\u00a0min). However, contrary to our hypothesis, moderate IH did not worsen metabolic or cardiorespiratory dysfunction caused by OVX. OVX did not affect mean arterial pressure or heart rate but augmented weight gain and activated the HPA axis. Thus, our results indicate that OVX independently promotes apnoeas and activation of the stress axis and this is not worsened by additional exposure to moderate IH. This underscores the predominant role of ovarian hormone deficiency in SA\u2010related pathophysiologies, highlighting menopause as a critical window for vulnerability to respiratory problems.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1113\/ep094077","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T05:07:22Z","timestamp":1790312842000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Ovariectomy, but not moderate intermittent hypoxia, promotes respiratory instability and risk of obesity in adult female rats"],"prefix":"10.1113","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7799-5112","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marianne","family":"Gagnon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center of the Quebec Heart and Lung Institute  Quebec City Quebec Canada"},{"name":"Faculty of Pharmacy Universit\u00e9 Laval  Quebec City Quebec Canada"},{"name":"Groupe de recherche en sant\u00e9 respiratoire (GESER) Universit\u00e9 Laval  Quebec City Quebec Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7018-3047","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"St\u00e9phanie","family":"Fournier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center of the Quebec Heart and Lung Institute  Quebec City Quebec Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fran\u00e7ois","family":"Marcouiller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center of the Quebec Heart and Lung Institute  Quebec City Quebec Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natalie J.","family":"Michael","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center of the Quebec Heart and Lung Institute  Quebec City Quebec Canada"},{"name":"Faculty of Pharmacy Universit\u00e9 Laval  Quebec City Quebec Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3571-9042","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vincent","family":"Joseph","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center of the Quebec Heart and Lung Institute  Quebec City Quebec Canada"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Universit\u00e9 Laval  Quebec City Quebec Canada"},{"name":"Groupe de recherche en sant\u00e9 respiratoire (GESER) Universit\u00e9 Laval  Quebec City Quebec Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9686-2577","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Richard","family":"Kinkead","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center of the Quebec Heart and Lung Institute  Quebec City Quebec Canada"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Universit\u00e9 Laval  Quebec City Quebec Canada"},{"name":"Groupe de recherche en sant\u00e9 respiratoire (GESER) Universit\u00e9 Laval  Quebec City Quebec Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4776","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-31783-6","article-title":"Estradiol\u2010mediated protection against high\u2010fat diet induced anxiety and obesity is associated with changes in the gut microbiota in female mice","volume":"13","author":"Acharya K. 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