{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T17:57:30Z","timestamp":1790877450022,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789171200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789171200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Experimental Physiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    EMG\u2010based muscle force predictions are often inaccurate following active muscle stretch or shortening because of residual force enhancement (rFE) or depression (rFD), respectively, which can alter the neural drive to a muscle. However, the extent of neural drive modulation attributable to rFE or rFD remains unknown owing to the limited spatial sampling of intramuscular EMG. Therefore, we combined two blind\u2010source separation approaches with high\u2010density surface EMG and mixed\u2010effects modelling to assess changes in neural drive from more representative motor unit samples. Seventeen participants performed dorsiflexion contractions at 20% and 40% of maximum voluntary torque in three conditions: stretch\u2010hold, shortening\u2010hold and fixed\u2010end reference (REF) conditions. The ankle dorsiflexion torques and angles were matched using dynamometry to the REF condition during a steady state following a 1\u2010s 25\u00b0 stretch or shortening, during which we decomposed tibialis anterior high\u2010density EMG recordings. Normalised EMG amplitudes were \u223c2% lower following stretch and 1% and 3% higher following shortening relative to REF at 20% and 40% of maximum voluntary torque (\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0\u2264\u00a00.008), respectively. Discharge rates from 19 matched motor units per person on average obtained via DEMUSE and MUedit were similar (\n                    <jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n                    =\u00a00.666). Following stretch and shortening, discharge rates were \u223c1\u00a0Hz lower (\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0\u2264\u00a00.029) and 0 (\n                    <jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n                    =\u00a00.459) to 1\u00a0Hz higher (\n                    <jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt;\u00a00.001) relative to REF, respectively. More unique motor units were also detected following shortening. These findings indicate that to account for rFE or rFD, neural drive is respectively decreased or increased via reduced or additional motor unit recruitment and discharge rate modulation, with a contraction intensity\u2010specific rate modulation following active shortening.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1113\/ep094110","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T20:24:51Z","timestamp":1789244691000},"page":"4793-4813","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Stretch versus shortening contractions subsequently decrease versus increase neural drive to the human tibialis anterior"],"prefix":"10.1113","volume":"111","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2078-9075","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brent James","family":"Raiteri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Human Movement Science, Faculty of Sport Science Ruhr University Bochum  Bochum North Rhine\u2010Westphalia Germany"},{"name":"School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences The University of Queensland  Brisbane Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karla Friederike","family":"Bosse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Human Movement Science, Faculty of Sport Science Ruhr University Bochum  Bochum North Rhine\u2010Westphalia Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marta","family":"Boccardo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Engineering of the Neuromuscular System Department of Electronics and Telecommunication Politecnico di Torino  Turin Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alain Charles","family":"Vandal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Statistics Faculty of Science University of Auckland  Auckland New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9401-5478","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel","family":"Hahn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Human Movement Science, Faculty of Sport Science Ruhr University Bochum  Bochum North Rhine\u2010Westphalia Germany"},{"name":"School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences The University of Queensland  Brisbane Queensland 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