{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T04:13:32Z","timestamp":1789964012998,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,5,5]],"date-time":"2004-05-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1083715200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1220,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Experimental Physiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The contribution of automatic drives to breathing at rest, relative to behavioural drives such as \u2018wakefulness\u2019, has been a subject of debate. We measured the combined central and peripheral chemoreflex contribution to resting ventilation using a modified rebreathing method that included a prior hyperventilation and addition of oxygen to maintain isoxia at a <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>ET,O2<\/jats:sub> (end\u2010tidal partial pressure of oxygen) of 100 mmHg. During rebreathing, ventilation was unrelated to <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>ET,CO2<\/jats:sub> (end\u2010tidal partial pressure of carbon dioxide) in the hypocapnic range, but after a threshold <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>ET,CO2<\/jats:sub> was exceeded, ventilation increased linearly with <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>ET,CO2<\/jats:sub>. We considered the sub\u2010threshold ventilation to be an estimate of the behavioural drives to breathe (mean \u00b1 S.E.M. = 3.1 \u00b1 0.5 l min<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>), and compared it to ventilation at rest (mean \u00b1 S.E.M. = 9.1 \u00b1 0.7 l min<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>). The difference was significant (Student's paired <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic> test, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001). We also considered the threshold <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>CO2<\/jats:sub> observed during rebreathing to be an estimate of the chemoreflex threshold at rest (mean \u00b1 S.E.M. = 42.0 \u00b1 0.5 mmHg). However, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>ET,CO2<\/jats:sub> during rebreathing estimates mixed venous or tissue <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>CO2<\/jats:sub>, whereas the resting <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>ET,CO2<\/jats:sub> during resting breathing estimates <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>a,CO2<\/jats:sub> (arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide). The chemoreflex threshold measured during rebreathing was therefore reduced by the difference in <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>ET,CO2<\/jats:sub> at rest and at the start of rebreathing (the plateau estimates the mixed venous <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>CO2<\/jats:sub> at rest) in order to make comparisons. The corrected chemoreflex thresholds (mean \u00b1 S.E.M. = 26.0 \u00b1 0.9 mmHg) were significantly less (paired Student's <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic> test, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001) than the resting <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>ET,CO2<\/jats:sub> values (mean \u00b1 S.E.M. = 34.3 \u00b1 0.5 mmHg). We conclude that both the behavioural and chemoreflex drives contribute to resting ventilation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1113\/eph8602090","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,2,11]],"date-time":"2003-02-11T16:34:13Z","timestamp":1044981253000},"page":"109-116","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["The Contribution of Chemoreflex Drives to Resting Breathing in Man"],"prefix":"10.1113","volume":"86","author":[{"given":"Safraaz","family":"Mahamed","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arshia F.","family":"Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dominic","family":"Ho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bernice","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James","family":"Duffin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,5,5]]},"container-title":["Experimental Physiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1113%2Feph8602090","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1113%2Feph8602090","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1113\/eph8602090","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,19]],"date-time":"2023-11-19T18:24:42Z","timestamp":1700418282000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1113\/eph8602090"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2001,1]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1113\/eph8602090"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1113\/eph8602090","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0958-0670","1469-445X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0958-0670","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-445X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2001,1]]}}}