{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,12]],"date-time":"2024-05-12T20:02:03Z","timestamp":1715544123564},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1978,10,10]],"date-time":"1978-10-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":276825600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Exp Physiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1978,10,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Raising the tonicity of the fluid bathing frog atrial trabeculae has three effects: an initial sustained relaxation, which depends on muscle length and probably originates from structures other than the contractile apparatus; an increase in contractility, which takes the form of a transient contracture if the muscle has previously undergone a high\u2010potassium or a low\u2010sodium contracture, and a further rise in contractility on return to isotonic fluid (off response). The hypertonic contractures, in high\u2010potassium or sodium\u2010free fluids, are antagonized by local anaesthetics and in Na\u2010free media they are unaffected by removal of extracellular Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>, whereas the \u2018off responses\u2019 are insensitive to both experimental manoeuvres. Hypotonic fluids applied in Na\u2010free solutions evoke a phasic and a tonic contracture, neither of which are sensitive to local anaesthetics. The tonic response is reduced by lowering the [Ca]<jats:sub>o<\/jats:sub>, and occurs at tonicities where the permeability of the cell membrane is likely to have increased. The phasic part of the hypotonic contracture resembles the \u2018off response\u2019 which follows exposure to hypertonic solution. The effects of hypertonic fluids and of caffeine on frog heart are alike, and are also similar to the responses induced by the same experimental manoeuvres in skeletal muscle. The results can be interpreted by assuming that the intracellular relaxing system in frog heart is sensitive to changes in tonicity, and could be functionally divided.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1113\/expphysiol.1978.sp002444","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,16]],"date-time":"2014-12-16T18:27:52Z","timestamp":1418754472000},"page":"301-314","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["THE EFFECTS OF CHANGES OF THE TONICITY OF THE BATHING FLUID UPON THE TENSION GENERATED BY ATRIAL TRABECULAE ISOLATED FROM THE HEART OF THE FROG, <i>RANA PIPIENS<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1113","volume":"63","author":[{"given":"R. A.","family":"Chapman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1978,10,10]]},"container-title":["Quarterly Journal of Experimental Physiology and Cognate Medical Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1113%2Fexpphysiol.1978.sp002444","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1113\/expphysiol.1978.sp002444","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,8]],"date-time":"2023-11-08T16:30:16Z","timestamp":1699461016000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1113\/expphysiol.1978.sp002444"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1978,10,10]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1978,10,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1113\/expphysiol.1978.sp002444"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1113\/expphysiol.1978.sp002444","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0033-5541"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0033-5541","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1978,10,10]]}}}