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Twelve (7 male and 5 female) athletes were randomly assigned into two groups and spent 8 h per night for two consecutive nights a week over 3 weeks under either short\u2010term normobaric hypoxia (simulating 3636 m altitude, inspired O<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>= 13%) or in normobaric normoxia in a single\u2010blind study. Following a 3 week washout period, athletes were then exposed to the other condition. Athletes were tested for maximal oxygen consumption and time to exhaustion on an electromagnetically braked cycle ergometer before and after each treatment in addition to being tested for anaerobic performance (Wingate test) on a modified Monark cycle ergometer. Blood samples were taken throughout the experiment and vastus lateralis muscle biopsies were taken before and after each treatment. Increases in red blood cell count, haematocrit, haemoglobin, platelet number and erythropoietin concentration were observed following short\u2010term normobaric hypoxia. Except for a modest decrease in phosphofructokinase activity following short\u2010term normobaric hypoxia, no changes were observed in muscle enzyme activities, buffer capacity, capillary density or morphology. No performance measures were changed following short\u2010term normobaric hypoxia or normobaric normoxia. Although short\u2010term normobaric hypoxia exposure increased levels of a number of haematological parameters, this was not associated with improved aerobic or anaerobic performance in highly trained athletes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1113\/expphysiol.2005.031682","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,11,19]],"date-time":"2005-11-19T01:14:10Z","timestamp":1132362850000},"page":"391-402","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Effects of short\u2010term normobaric hypoxia on haematology, muscle phenotypes and physical performance in highly trained athletes"],"prefix":"10.1113","volume":"91","author":[{"given":"Fabien A.","family":"Basset","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Denis R.","family":"Joanisse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric","family":"Boivin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9e","family":"St\u2010Onge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fran\u00e7ois","family":"Billaut","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jean","family":"Dor\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Chouinard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guy","family":"Falgairette","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Denis","family":"Richard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marcel R.","family":"Boulay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,1,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s004210050064"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s004210050621"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s004210050620"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Incidence of the oxygen plateau at  during exercise testing to volitional fatigue","volume":"3","author":"Astorino TA","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Exerc Physiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005768-200006000-00004"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_1","unstructured":"BakerA&HopkinsWG(1998).Altitude training for sea\u2010level competition. 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