{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T14:45:23Z","timestamp":1791557123304,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,7,25]],"date-time":"2012-07-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1343174400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Experimental Physiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>New Findings<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:list list-type=\"explicit-label\">\n                      <jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:p>\n                          <jats:bold>What is the central question of this study?<\/jats:bold>\n                        <\/jats:p>\n                        <jats:p>In the resident\u2010intruder model of psychosocial stress, the subordinate is aggressively attacked by the dominant, thus the two animals cannot be co\u2010housed for extended periods. We have developed a novel chronic model of social confrontation, and asked whether the intake of theanine, an amino acid in tea, could suppress stress.<\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:p>\n                          <jats:bold>What is the main finding and its importance?<\/jats:bold>\n                        <\/jats:p>\n                        <jats:p>Using a cage partition, we developed a new confrontational housing mouse model of psychosocial stress. Although dominant and subordinate relationships were observed after the removal of the partition, the mice could be co\u2010housed without physical injury for a long period. Further, we found that the intake of theanine suppressed stress.<\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:list-item>\n                    <\/jats:list>\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The antistress effect of theanine (\u03b3\u2010glutamylethylamide), an amino acid in tea, was investigated using mice that were psychosocially stressed from a conflict among male mice in conditions of confrontational housing. Two male mice were housed in the same cage separated by a partition to establish a territorial imperative. When the partition was removed, the mice were co\u2010housed confrontationally. As a marker for the stress response, changes in the adrenal gland were studied in comparison to group\u2010housed control mice (six mice in a cage). Significant adrenal hypertrophy was observed in mice during confrontational housing, which was developed within 24 h and persisted for at least 1 week. The size of cells in the zona fasciculata of the adrenal gland, from which glucocorticoid is mainly secreted, increased (\u223c1.11\u2010fold) in mice during confrontational housing, which was accompanied by a flattened diurnal rhythm of corticosterone and ACTH in blood. The ingestion of theanine (&gt;5 \u03bcg ml\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    ) prior to confrontational housing significantly suppressed adrenal hypertrophy. An antidepressant, paroxetin, suppressed adrenal hypertrophy in a similar manner in mice during confrontational housing. In mice that ingested theanine, behavioural depression was also suppressed, and a diurnal rhythm of corticosterone and ACTH was observed, even in mice that were undergoing confrontational housing. Furthermore, the daily dose of theanine (40 \u03bcg ml\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    ) blocked the counteracting effects of caffeine (30 \u03bcg ml\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    ) and catechin (200 \u03bcg ml\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    ). The present study demonstrated that theanine prevents and relieves psychosocial stress through the modulation of hypothalamic\u2013pituitary\u2013adrenal axis activity.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1113\/expphysiol.2012.065532","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,6,17]],"date-time":"2012-06-17T17:21:51Z","timestamp":1339953711000},"page":"290-303","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":65,"title":["Ingestion of theanine, an amino acid in tea, suppresses psychosocial stress in 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