{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T11:05:24Z","timestamp":1790420724186,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,25]],"date-time":"2013-10-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1382659200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Experimental Physiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>New findings<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:list list-type=\"explicit-label\">\n<jats:list-item><jats:p><jats:bold>What is the central question of this study?<\/jats:bold><\/jats:p><jats:p>Voluntary hyperventilation that induces hypocapnic alkalosis (HYPO) is associated with slowed adaptation of O<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> uptake and leg blood flow during moderate exercise; however, it is unknown whether hypocapnia, alkalosis and\/or the hyperventilation manoeuvre is related to these observations.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p><jats:bold>What is the main finding and its importance?<\/jats:bold><\/jats:p><jats:p>We included a condition with the same work of breathing as HYPO, but the fall in CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> was prevented by the addition of higher CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> to the inspirate (normocapnia). This condition demonstrated that hypocapnia\/alkalosis was responsible for the slower leg blood flow response; however, the act of hyperventilation itself also had a role to play in the slower O<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> uptake kinetics.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<\/jats:list><\/jats:p><jats:p>Pulmonary O<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> uptake (<jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"graphic\/EPH_1324_mu1.gif\" xlink:title=\"inline image\"\/>) and leg blood flow (LBF) kinetics were examined at the onset of moderate\u2010intensity exercise, during hyperventilation with and without associated hypocapnic alkalosis. Seven male subjects (25 \u00b1 6 years old; mean \u00b1 SD) performed alternate\u2010leg knee\u2010extension exercise from baseline to moderate\u2010intensity exercise (80% of estimated lactate threshold) and completed four to six repetitions for each of the following three conditions: (i) control [CON; end\u2010tidal partial pressure of CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> (<jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"graphic\/EPH_1324_mu2.gif\" xlink:title=\"inline image\"\/>) \u223c40 mmHg], i.e. normal breathing with normal inspired CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> (0.03%); (ii) hypocapnia (HYPO; <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"graphic\/EPH_1324_mu3.gif\" xlink:title=\"inline image\"\/>\u223c20 mmHg), i.e. sustained hyperventilation with normal inspired CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> (0.03%); and (iii) normocapnia (NORMO; <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"graphic\/EPH_1324_mu4.gif\" xlink:title=\"inline image\"\/>\u223c40 mmHg), i.e. sustained hyperventilation with elevated inspired CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> (\u223c5%). The <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"graphic\/EPH_1324_mu5.gif\" xlink:title=\"inline image\"\/> was measured breath by breath using mass spectrometry and a volume turbine. Femoral artery mean blood velocity was measured by Doppler ultrasound, and LBF was calculated from femoral artery diameter and mean blood velocity. Phase 2 <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"graphic\/EPH_1324_mu6.gif\" xlink:title=\"inline image\"\/> kinetics (\u03c4<jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"graphic\/EPH_1324_mu7.gif\" xlink:title=\"inline image\"\/>) was different (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.05) amongst all three conditions (CON, 19 \u00b1 7 s; HYPO, 43 \u00b1 17 s; and NORMO, 30 \u00b1 8 s), while LBF kinetics (\u03c4LBF) was slower (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.05) in HYPO (31 \u00b1 9 s) compared with both CON (19 \u00b1 3 s) and NORMO (20 \u00b1 6 s). Similar to previous findings, HYPO was associated with slower <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"graphic\/EPH_1324_mu8.gif\" xlink:title=\"inline image\"\/> and LBF kinetics compared with CON. In the present study, preventing the fall in end\u2010tidal <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"graphic\/EPH_1324_mu9.gif\" xlink:title=\"inline image\"\/> (NORMO) restored LBF kinetics, but not <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"graphic\/EPH_1324_mu10.gif\" xlink:title=\"inline image\"\/> kinetics, which remained \u2018slowed\u2019 relative to CON. These data suggest that the hyperventilation manoeuvre itself (i.e. independent of induced hypocapnic alkalosis) may contribute to the slower <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"graphic\/EPH_1324_mu11.gif\" xlink:title=\"inline image\"\/> kinetics observed during HYPO.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1113\/expphysiol.2013.074021","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,24]],"date-time":"2013-08-24T02:32:31Z","timestamp":1377311551000},"page":"1668-1682","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Effect of voluntary hyperventilation with supplemental CO<sub>2<\/sub> on pulmonary O<sub>2<\/sub> uptake and leg blood flow kinetics during moderate\u2010intensity exercise"],"prefix":"10.1113","volume":"98","author":[{"given":"Lisa M. K.","family":"Chin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"George J. 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