{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T18:33:05Z","timestamp":1793125985834,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,12]],"date-time":"2014-02-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1392163200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Experimental Physiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>New Findings<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>\n                            <jats:bold>What is the central question in this study?<\/jats:bold>\n                          <\/jats:p>\n                          <jats:p>\n                            It is unknown to what extent increasing age influences the dynamic adaptations of cerebral blood flow velocity and cortical oxygenation in response to changes in blood pressure (cerebral autoregulation) and to changes in carbon dioxide (cerebrovascular CO\n                            <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                            reactivity).\n                          <\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>\n                            <jats:bold>What is the main finding and its importance?<\/jats:bold>\n                          <\/jats:p>\n                          <jats:p>\n                            We have shown that ageing up to 86\u00a0years is associated with an overall preservation of dynamic cerebral autoregulation and cerebrovascular CO\n                            <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                            reactivity, leading to a sufficiency of cerebral cortical oxygenation during daily life activities, despite the decrease in absolute cerebral blood flow velocity and increase in cerebrovascular resistance with advancing age.\n                          <\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <\/jats:list>\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:label\/>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      With ageing, cerebral blood flow velocity (CBFV) decreases; however, to what extent dynamic cerebral autoregulation and cerebrovascular CO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      reactivity are influenced by ageing is unknown. The aim was to examine the dynamic responses of CBFV and cortical oxygenation to changes in blood pressure (BP) and arterial CO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      across different ages. Fifty\u2010eight participants in three age groups were included, as follows: young (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a020, 24\u00a0\u00b1\u00a02\u00a0years old), elderly (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a020, 66\u00a0\u00b1\u00a01\u00a0years old), and older elderly (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a018, 78\u00a0\u00b1\u00a03\u00a0years old). The CBFV was measured using transcranial Doppler ultrasound, simultaneously with oxyhaemoglobin (O\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      Hb) using near\u2010infrared spectroscopy and beat\u2010to\u2010beat BP measurements using Finapres. Postural manoeuvres were performed to induce haemodynamic fluctuations. Cerebrovascular CO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      reactivity was tested with hyperventilation and CO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      inhalation. With age, CBFV decreased (young 59\u00a0\u00b1\u00a012\u00a0cm\u00a0s\n                      <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                      , elderly 48\u00a0\u00b1\u00a07\u00a0cm\u00a0s\n                      <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                      and older elderly 42\u00a0\u00b1\u00a09\u00a0cm\u00a0s\n                      <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05) and cerebrovascular resistance increased (1.46\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.58, 1.81\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.36 and 1.98\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.52\u00a0mmHg\u00a0cm\n                      <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u00a0s\n                      <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                      , respectively,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05). Normalized gain (autoregulatory damping) increased with age for BP\u2013CBFV (0.88\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.18, 1.31\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.30 and 1.06\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.34, respectively,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05) and CBFV\u2013O\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      Hb (0.10\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.09, 0.12\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.04 and 0.17\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.08, respectively,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05) during the repeated sit\u2013stand manoeuvre at 0.05\u00a0Hz. Even though the absolute changes in CBFV and cerebrovascular resistance index during the cerebrovascular CO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      reactivity were higher in the young group, the percentage changes in CBFV, cerebrovascular resistance index and O\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      Hb were similar in all age groups. In conclusion, there was no decline in dynamic cerebral autoregulation and cerebrovascular CO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      reactivity with increasing age up to 86\u00a0years. Despite the decrease in cerebral blood flow velocity and increase in cerebrovascular resistance with advancing age, CBFV and cortical oxygenation were not compromised in these elderly humans during manoeuvres that mimic daily life activities.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1113\/expphysiol.2013.076455","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,20]],"date-time":"2013-12-20T23:13:17Z","timestamp":1387581197000},"page":"586-598","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":66,"title":["Assessment of dynamic cerebral autoregulation and cerebrovascular CO\n                    <sub>2<\/sub>\n                    reactivity in ageing by measurements of cerebral blood flow and cortical oxygenation"],"prefix":"10.1113","volume":"99","author":[{"given":"Madelijn H.","family":"Oudegeest\u2010Sander","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geriatric Medicine Radboud University Medical Center  Nijmegen The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Physiology Radboud University Medical Center  Nijmegen The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arenda H. 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