{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,15]],"date-time":"2026-04-15T11:36:17Z","timestamp":1776252977841,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":91,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,1]],"date-time":"2014-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1398902400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Experimental Physiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>New Findings<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n<jats:list-item><jats:p><jats:bold>What is the central question of this study?<\/jats:bold><\/jats:p>\n<jats:p>Based on the relevance of the renin\u2013angiotensin system and the controversy regarding the role of the sympathetic nervous system in thyroid hormone\u2010related cardiac hypertrophy, the present study sought to establish whether there is a gender difference in activation of these systems and the degree of cardiac hypertrophy in mice.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p><jats:bold>What is the main finding and its importance?<\/jats:bold><\/jats:p>\n<jats:p>Triiodothyronine increased sympathetic modulation and induced higher levels of cardiac angiotensin\u00a0II in male than in female mice. This could explain the greater degree of cardiac hypertrophy induced by thyroid hormone found in the male mice.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<\/jats:list><\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:label\/><jats:p>Based on the relevance of the renin\u2013angiotensin system and the ongoing controversy regarding the role of the sympathetic nervous system in thyroid hormone\u2010induced cardiac hypertrophy, the aim of the present study was to establish whether the putative difference in the degree of cardiac hypertrophy exhibited by males and females might be related to differences in the sympathetic\u2013vagal balance and\/or in the cardiac renin\u2013angiotensin system in mice of different genders. Male and female mice (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0117) were given 0.1\u00a0mg\u00a0kg<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup> of triiodothyronine or normal saline each day for 10\u00a0days consecutively. At the end of that period, study of the heart rate variability, spectral analysis and histopathological examination were performed to assess the sympathetic\u2013vagal balance and the diameter of cardiomyocytes. The cardiac levels of angiotensin\u00a0I and II were also measured. Treatment with triiodothyronine induced a greater degree of cardiac hypertrophy in male (\u223c73%) than in female mice (\u223c42%). This difference was attributed to greater modulation of the sympathetic nervous system and higher levels of angiotensin\u00a0I and II in male than in female mice. Our data indicate that thyroid hormone\u2010induced cardiac hypertrophy was more intense in male mice due to the synergic effect of the sympathetic nervous system and the cardiac renin\u2013angiotensin system.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1113\/expphysiol.2013.076976","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,22]],"date-time":"2014-03-22T04:14:24Z","timestamp":1395461664000},"page":"868-880","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Sexual dimorphism in autonomic changes and in the renin\u2013angiotensin system in the hearts of mice subjected to thyroid hormone\u2010induced cardiac hypertrophy"],"prefix":"10.1113","volume":"99","author":[{"given":"Anderson Luiz","family":"Bezerra da Silveira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Multicenter Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences Department of Physiological Sciences Institute of Biology Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro  Seropedica Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Manuela Fran\u00e7a","family":"de Souza Miranda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program in Veterinary Medicine Department of Physiological Sciences Institute of Biology Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro  Seropedica Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andr\u00e9 Souza","family":"Mecawi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology School of Medicine Ribeirao Preto USP \u2013 S\u00e3o Paulo  Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roberto Laureano","family":"Melo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Multicenter Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences Department of Physiological Sciences Institute of Biology Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro  Seropedica Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michelle Porto","family":"Marassi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Multicenter Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences Department of Physiological Sciences Institute of Biology Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro  Seropedica Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alba Cen\u00e9lia","family":"Matos da Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Multicenter Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences Department of Physiological Sciences Institute of Biology Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro  Seropedica Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9","family":"Antunes\u2010Rodrigues","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology School of Medicine Ribeirao Preto USP \u2013 S\u00e3o Paulo  Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Emerson Lopes","family":"Olivares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Multicenter Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences Department of Physiological Sciences Institute of Biology Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro  Seropedica Brazil"},{"name":"Graduate Program in Veterinary Medicine Department of Physiological Sciences Institute of Biology Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro  Seropedica Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00017.2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0169-2607(99)00017-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1991.03460140089033"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","first-page":"905","article-title":"Contribution of the renin\u2010angiotensin system to blood pressure variability in hyperthyroid rats","volume":"93","author":"Basset A","year":"2000","journal-title":"Arch Mal Coeur Vaiss"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-73-6-1340"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.85.1.164"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_1","first-page":"339","article-title":"Isoproterenol\u2010induced myocardial injury and diastolic dysfunction in mice: structural and functional correlates","volume":"59","author":"Brooks WW","year":"2009","journal-title":"Comp Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0100-879X1999000400001"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00395-010-0089-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-0115(97)00019-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/me.2003-0125"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1677\/joe.0.0780225"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.2006.02514.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.280.23.1983"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.75.4.363"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.18.4.388"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-44-6-1185"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00395-009-0043-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2010\/384890"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/cs0620247"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2006.07.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.01224.2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0102-09352007000500022"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11906-002-0027-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_26_1","unstructured":"FreitasFSS(2011).Investigation of cardiovascular and microcirculatory changes in a model of experimental hyperthyroidism. MSc thesis. Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz Rio de Janeiro."},{"key":"e_1_2_5_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0008-6363(98)00181-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_28_1","first-page":"450","article-title":"Heart rate variability","volume":"2","author":"Guzzetti S","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ital Heart J Suppl"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/endo-104-3-645"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.89.23.11259"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/en.130.3.1231"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/jmcc.1998.0930"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.91.10.2516"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1258\/002367796780739880"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.01136.2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa043012"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2003-0033"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2010.0333"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-85-4-447"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_40_1","first-page":"243","article-title":"Sympathovagal imbalance in thyroid dysfunctions in females: correlation with thyroid profile, heart rate and blood pressure","volume":"53","author":"Karthik S","year":"2009","journal-title":"Indian J Physiol Pharmacol"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(87)90795-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/endo-123-1-203"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(90)90531-H"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-8529(05)70297-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200102153440707"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1677\/joe.0.1600043"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"H593","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.1997.273.2.H593","article-title":"Role of the renin\u2010angiotensin system in cardiac hypertrophy induced in rats by hyperthyroidism","volume":"273","author":"Kobori H","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-291X(86)90544-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.steroids.2006.03.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0100-879X1997001200016"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_51_1","volume-title":"The oestrous cycle in the rat and its associated phenomena","author":"Long JA","year":"1922"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0008-6363(01)00510-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_53_1","volume-title":"Manual of Histologic Staining Methods of the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology","author":"Luna LG","year":"1968"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0031-9384(81)90184-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8167.1994.tb01164.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1677\/joe.1.06901"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005344-199309000-00016"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2826.2012.02388.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1112062"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1601-183X.2006.00249.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000024981.48160.6D"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.97.22.2197"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00042192-200105000-00011"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0026-0495(86)90001-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2005-870317"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00036.2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-005-0111-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.87.5.1435"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-2999(98)00368-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_70_1","first-page":"89","article-title":"Analysis of heart autonomic modulation during resting conditions in middle\u2010aged men and postmenopausal women","volume":"8","author":"Sakabe D","year":"2004","journal-title":"Braz J Phys Ther (Impr)"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0026-0495(94)90133-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.95.1.39"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_73_1","first-page":"F72","article-title":"The autonomic nervous system and sudden death","volume":"19","author":"Schwartz PJ","year":"1998","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2009.08.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/27.3.423"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-1009274"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2007.0252"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-3623(00)00078-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cardiores.2004.01.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.2000.89.4.1445"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.107.095000"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/pgmj.44.518.885"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2009-0520"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.68.5.1471"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00059-002-2434-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_86_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1139\/Y06-043"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_87_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7793.1997.271be.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_88_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0895-7061(95)00216-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_89_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.1989.256.1.E64"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_90_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.regpep.2011.04.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_91_1","first-page":"273","article-title":"Serum angiotensin\u2010converting enzyme and plasma atrial natriuretic peptide levels in hyperthyroid and hypothyroid rabbits","volume":"38","author":"Yegin E","year":"1997","journal-title":"Jpn Heart J"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_92_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/138161211795656909"}],"container-title":["Experimental Physiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1113%2Fexpphysiol.2013.076976","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1113\/expphysiol.2013.076976","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,1]],"date-time":"2023-10-01T15:31:50Z","timestamp":1696174310000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1113\/expphysiol.2013.076976"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,5]]},"references-count":91,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1113\/expphysiol.2013.076976"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1113\/expphysiol.2013.076976","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0958-0670","1469-445X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0958-0670","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-445X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,5]]}}}