{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T08:55:20Z","timestamp":1791276920365,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,27]],"date-time":"2016-02-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1456531200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["The Journal of Physiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Key points<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>The real impact of physical exercise parameters, i.e. intensity, type of contraction and solicited energetic metabolism, on neuroprotection in the specific context of neurodegeneration remains poorly explored.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>In this study behavioural, biochemical and cellular analyses were conducted to compare the effects of two different long\u2010term exercise protocols, high intensity swimming and low intensity running, on motor units of a type 3 spinal muscular atrophy (SMA)\u2010like mouse model.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Our data revealed a preferential SMA\u2010induced death of intermediate and fast motor neurons which was limited by the swimming protocol only, suggesting a close relationship between neuron\u2010specific protection and their activation levels by specific exercise.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>The exercise\u2010induced neuroprotection was independent of SMN protein expression and associated with specific metabolic and behavioural adaptations with notably a swimming\u2010induced reduction of muscle fatigability.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Our results provide new insight into the motor units\u2019 adaptations to different physical exercise parameters and will contribute to the design of new active physiotherapy protocols for patient care.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<\/jats:list><\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a group of autosomal recessive neurodegenerative diseases differing in their clinical outcome, characterized by the specific loss of spinal motor neurons, caused by insufficient level of expression of the protein survival of motor neuron (SMN). No cure is at present available for SMA. While physical exercise might represent a promising approach for alleviating SMA symptoms, the lack of data dealing with the effects of different exercise types on diseased motor units still precludes the use of active physiotherapy in SMA patients. In the present study, we have evaluated the efficiency of two long\u2010term physical exercise paradigms, based on either high intensity swimming or low intensity running, in alleviating SMA symptoms in a mild type 3 SMA\u2010like mouse model. We found that 10\u00a0months\u2019 physical training induced significant benefits in terms of resistance to muscle damage, energetic metabolism, muscle fatigue and motor behaviour. Both exercise types significantly enhanced motor neuron survival, independently of SMN expression, leading to the maintenance of neuromuscular junctions and skeletal muscle phenotypes, particularly in the soleus, plantaris and tibialis of trained mice. Most importantly, both exercises significantly improved neuromuscular excitability properties. Further, all these training\u2010induced benefits were quantitatively and qualitatively related to the specific characteristics of each exercise, suggesting that the related neuroprotection is strongly dependent on the specific activation of some motor neuron subpopulations. Taken together, the present data show significant long\u2010term exercise benefits in type 3 SMA\u2010like mice providing important clues for designing rehabilitation programmes in patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1113\/jp271361","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,26]],"date-time":"2016-02-26T08:39:02Z","timestamp":1456475942000},"page":"1931-1952","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":44,"title":["Long\u2010term exercise\u2010specific neuroprotection in spinal muscular atrophy\u2010like mice"],"prefix":"10.1113","volume":"594","author":[{"given":"Farah","family":"Chali","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris Descartes and INSERM UMRS 1124  45 rue des Saints\u2010P\u00e8res F\u201075270 Paris Cedex 06 France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C\u00e9line","family":"Desseille","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris Descartes and INSERM UMRS 1124  45 rue des Saints\u2010P\u00e8res F\u201075270 Paris Cedex 06 France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L\u00e9o","family":"Houdebine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris Descartes and INSERM UMRS 1124  45 rue des Saints\u2010P\u00e8res F\u201075270 Paris Cedex 06 France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Evelyne","family":"Benoit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut des Neurosciences Paris\u2010Saclay UMR 9197 CNRS  B\u00e2t 32\u201033, and Service d'Ing\u00e9nierie Mol\u00e9culaire des Prot\u00e9ines (DSV\/iBiTec\u2010S\/SIMOPRO), CEA de Saclay, B\u00e2t. 152 91190 Gif\u2010sur\u2010Yvette France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tha\u00efs","family":"Rouquet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BIOMEOSTASIS Nutritional behavior and metabolic disorders  FST St J\u00e9r\u00f4me, Service B52, Avenue Escadrille Normandie\u2010Niemen 13397 Marseille France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bruno","family":"Bariohay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BIOMEOSTASIS Nutritional behavior and metabolic disorders  FST St J\u00e9r\u00f4me, Service B52, Avenue Escadrille Normandie\u2010Niemen 13397 Marseille France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philippe","family":"Lopes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris Descartes and INSERM UMRS 1124  45 rue des Saints\u2010P\u00e8res F\u201075270 Paris Cedex 06 France"},{"name":"Universit\u00e9 d'Evry\u2010val\u2010d'Essonne  Bd F. 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