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These signals modulate Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup> levels, which provide the critical second messenger to drive steroid hormone production. Angiotensin II is a hormone known to modulate the activity of voltage\u2010dependent L\u2010 and T\u2010type Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup> channels that are expressed on the plasma membrane of ZG cells in many species. Because the ZG cell maintains a resting membrane voltage of approximately \u221285\u00a0mV and has been considered electrically silent, low voltage\u2010activated T\u2010type Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup> channels are assumed to provide the primary Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup> signal that drives aldosterone production. However, this view has recently been challenged by human genetic studies identifying somatic gain\u2010of\u2010function mutations in L\u2010type Ca<jats:sub>V<\/jats:sub>1.3 channels in aldosterone\u2010producing adenomas of patients with primary hyperaldosteronism. We provide a review of these assumptions and challenges, and update our understanding of the state of the ZG cell in a layer in which native cellular associations are preserved. This updated view of Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup> signalling in ZG cells provides a unifying mechanism that explains how transiently activating Ca<jats:sub>V<\/jats:sub>3.2 channels can generate a significant and recurring Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup> signal, and how Ca<jats:sub>V<\/jats:sub>1.3 channels may contribute to the Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup> signal that drives aldosterone production.\n<jats:boxed-text content-type=\"graphic\" position=\"anchor\"><jats:graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" mimetype=\"image\/png\" position=\"anchor\" specific-use=\"enlarged-web-image\" xlink:href=\"graphic\/tjp7099-gra-0001-m.png\"><jats:alt-text>image<\/jats:alt-text><\/jats:graphic><\/jats:boxed-text>\n<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1113\/jp271896","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,4]],"date-time":"2016-02-04T15:32:49Z","timestamp":1454599969000},"page":"5851-5860","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Role of voltage\u2010gated calcium channels in the regulation of aldosterone production from zona glomerulosa cells of the adrenal cortex"],"prefix":"10.1113","volume":"594","author":[{"given":"Paula Q.","family":"Barrett","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology University of Virginia  Charlottesville VA 22947 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nick A.","family":"Guagliardo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology University of Virginia  Charlottesville VA 22947 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter M.","family":"Klein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology University of Virginia  Charlottesville VA 22947 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Changlong","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology and Biophysics School of Life Sciences Institutes of Brain Science Fudan University  Shanghai 200433 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David T.","family":"Breault","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology Boston Children's Hospital  Boston MA 02115 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark P.","family":"Beenhakker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology University of Virginia  Charlottesville VA 22947 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