{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,6]],"date-time":"2026-04-06T12:24:50Z","timestamp":1775478290649,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,29]],"date-time":"2016-08-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1472428800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo","award":["2014\/06772-8"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2014\/06772-8"]}]},{"name":"Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo","award":["2011\/51410-9"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2011\/51410-9"]}]},{"name":"Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa","award":["304060\/2011-9"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["304060\/2011-9"]}]},{"name":"Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa","award":["301867\/2010-0"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["301867\/2010-0"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["The Journal of Physiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Key points<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Heart Failure (HF) is accompanied by reduced ventricular function, activation of compensatory neurohormonal mechanisms and marked autonomic dysfunction characterized by exaggerated sympathoexcitation and reduced parasympathetic activity.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>With 6\u00a0weeks of exercise training, HF\u2010related loss of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT)\u2010positive vagal preganglionic neurones is avoided, restoring the parasympathetic tonus to the heart, and the immunoreactivity of dopamine \u03b2\u2010hydroxylase\u2010positive premotor neurones that drive sympathetic outflow to the heart is reduced. Training\u2010induced correction of autonomic dysfunction occurs even with the persistence of abnormal ventricular function.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Strong positive correlation between improved parasympathetic tonus to the heart and increased ChAT immunoreactivity in vagal preganglionic neurones after training indicates this is a crucial mechanism to restore autonomic function in heart failure.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<\/jats:list><\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Exercise training is an efficient tool to attenuate sympathoexcitation, a hallmark of heart failure (HF). Although sympathetic modulation in HF is widely studied, information regarding parasympathetic control is lacking. We examined the combined effects of sympathetic and vagal tonus to the heart in sedentary (Sed) and exercise trained (ET) HF rats and the contribution of respective premotor and preganglionic neurones. Wistar rats submitted to coronary artery ligation or sham surgery were assigned to training or sedentary protocols for 6\u00a0weeks. After haemodynamic, autonomic tonus (atropine and atenolol <jats:sc>i.v.<\/jats:sc>) and ventricular function determinations, brains were collected for immunoreactivity assays (choline acetyltransferase, ChAT<jats:italic>ir<\/jats:italic>; dopamine \u03b2\u2010hydroxylase, DBH<jats:italic>ir<\/jats:italic>) and neuronal counting in the dorsal motor nucleus of vagus (DMV), nucleus ambiguus (NA) and rostroventrolateral medulla (RVLM). HF\u2010Sed <jats:italic>vs<\/jats:italic>. SHAM\u2010Sed exhibited decreased exercise capacity, reduced ejection fraction, increased left ventricle end diastolic pressure, smaller positive and negative d<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\/d<jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>, decreased intrinsic heart rate (IHR), lower parasympathetic and higher sympathetic tonus, reduced preganglionic vagal neurones and ChAT<jats:italic>ir<\/jats:italic> in the DMV\/NA, and increased RVLM DBH<jats:italic>ir<\/jats:italic>. Training increased treadmill performance, normalized autonomic tonus and IHR, restored the number of DMV and NA neurones and corrected ChAT<jats:italic>ir<\/jats:italic> without affecting ventricular function. There were strong positive correlations between parasympathetic tonus and ChAT<jats:italic>ir<\/jats:italic> in NA and DMV. RVLM DBH<jats:italic>ir<\/jats:italic> was also normalized by training, but there was no change in neurone number and no correlation with sympathetic tonus. Training\u2010induced preservation of preganglionic vagal neurones is crucial to normalize parasympathetic activity and restore autonomic balance to the heart even in the persistence of cardiac dysfunction.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1113\/jp272730","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,22]],"date-time":"2016-07-22T08:18:26Z","timestamp":1469175506000},"page":"6241-6254","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Exercise training preserves vagal preganglionic neurones and restores parasympathetic tonus in heart failure"],"prefix":"10.1113","volume":"594","author":[{"given":"Marcelo H. 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