{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,8]],"date-time":"2026-02-08T14:17:31Z","timestamp":1770560251295,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,8]],"date-time":"2016-11-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1478563200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01MH094870"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01MH094870"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["The Journal of Physiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Key points<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>The lateral habenula (LHb) has been implicated in regulation of drug\u2010seeking behaviours through aversion\u2010mediated learning.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>In this study, we recorded neuronal activity in the LHb of rats during an operant task before and after ethanol\u2010induced conditioned taste aversion (CTA) to saccharin.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Ethanol\u2010induced CTA caused significantly higher baseline firing rates in LHb neurons, as well as elevated firing rates in response to cue presentation, lever press and saccharin taste.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>In a separate cohort of rats, we found that bilateral LHb lesions blocked ethanol\u2010induced CTA.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Our results strongly suggest that excitation of LHb neurons is required for ethanol\u2010induced CTA, and point towards a mechanism through which LHb firing may regulate voluntary ethanol consumption.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<\/jats:list><\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Ethanol, like other drugs of abuse, has both rewarding and aversive properties. Previous work suggests that sensitivity to ethanol's aversive effects negatively modulates voluntary alcohol intake and thus may be important in vulnerability to developing alcohol use disorders. We previously found that rats with lesions of the lateral habenula (LHb), which is implicated in aversion\u2010mediated learning, show accelerated escalation of voluntary ethanol consumption. To understand neural encoding in the LHb contributing to ethanol\u2010induced aversion, we recorded neural firing in the LHb of freely behaving, water\u2010deprived rats before and after an ethanol\u2010induced (1.5\u00a0g\u00a0kg<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup> 20% ethanol, <jats:sc>i.p.<\/jats:sc>) conditioned taste aversion (CTA) to saccharin taste. Ethanol\u2010induced CTA strongly decreased motivation for saccharin in an operant task to obtain the tastant. Comparison of LHb neural firing before and after CTA induction revealed four main differences in firing properties. First, baseline firing after CTA induction was significantly higher. Second, firing evoked by cues signalling saccharin availability shifted from a pattern of primarily inhibition before CTA to primarily excitation after CTA induction. Third, CTA induction reduced the magnitude of lever press\u2010evoked inhibition. Finally, firing rates were significantly higher during consumption of the devalued saccharin solution after CTA induction. Next, we studied sham\u2010 and LHb\u2010lesioned rats in our operant CTA paradigm and found that LHb lesion significantly attenuated CTA effects in the operant task. Our data demonstrate the importance of LHb excitation in regulating expression of ethanol\u2010induced aversion and suggest a mechanism for its role in modulating escalation of voluntary ethanol intake.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1113\/jp272994","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,28]],"date-time":"2016-09-28T13:44:45Z","timestamp":1475070285000},"page":"1393-1412","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Excitation of lateral habenula neurons as a neural mechanism underlying ethanol\u2010induced conditioned taste aversion"],"prefix":"10.1113","volume":"595","author":[{"given":"Shashank","family":"Tandon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology University of Utah  Salt Lake City UT 84112\u20105820 USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kristen A.","family":"Keefe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology University of 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