{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T00:42:32Z","timestamp":1789432952795,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,2]],"date-time":"2016-10-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1475366400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001505","name":"Health Research Council of New Zealand","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001505","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["The Journal of Physiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Key points<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Oxytocin release from the posterior pituitary gland stimulates uterine contraction during birth but the central mechanisms that activate oxytocin neurones for birth are not well characterized.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>We found that that kisspeptin fibre density around oxytocin neurones increases in late\u2010pregnant rats.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>These kisspeptin fibres originated from hypothalamic periventricular nucleus neurones that upregulated kisspeptin expression in late pregnancy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Oxytocin neurones were excited by central kisspeptin administration in late\u2010pregnant rats but not in non\u2010pregnant rats or early\u2010 to mid\u2010pregnant rats.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Our results reveal the emergence of a new excitatory kisspeptin projection to the oxytocin system in late pregnancy that might contribute to oxytocin neurone activation for birth.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<\/jats:list><\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The hormone oxytocin promotes uterine contraction during parturition. Oxytocin is synthesized by magnocellular neurones in the hypothalamic supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei and is released into the circulation from the posterior pituitary gland in response to action potential firing. Systemic kisspeptin administration increases oxytocin neurone activity to elevate plasma oxytocin levels. Here, immunohistochemistry revealed that rats on the expected day of parturition (day\u00a021 of gestation) had a higher density of kisspeptin\u2010positive fibres in the perinuclear zone surrounding the supraoptic nucleus (which provides dense glutamatergic and GABAergic innervation to the supraoptic nucleus) than was evident in non\u2010pregnant rats. Retrograde tracing showed the kisspeptin projections to the perinuclear zone originated from the hypothalamic periventricular nucleus. Quantitative RT\u2010PCR showed that kisspeptin receptor mRNA, <jats:italic>Kiss1R<\/jats:italic> mRNA, was expressed in the perinuclear zone\u2013supraoptic nucleus and that the relative <jats:italic>Kiss1R<\/jats:italic> mRNA expression does not change over the course of pregnancy. Finally, intracerebroventricular administration of kisspeptin increased the firing rate of oxytocin neurones in anaesthetized late\u2010pregnant rats (days 18\u201321 of gestation) but not in non\u2010pregnant rats, or in early\u2010 or mid\u2010pregnant rats. Taken together, these results suggest that kisspeptin expression is upregulated in the periventricular nucleus projection to the perinuclear zone of the supraoptic nucleus towards the end of pregnancy. Hence, this input might activate oxytocin neurones during parturition.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1113\/jp273051","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,2]],"date-time":"2016-09-02T12:37:41Z","timestamp":1472819861000},"page":"825-838","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Development of an excitatory kisspeptin projection to the oxytocin system in late pregnancy"],"prefix":"10.1113","volume":"595","author":[{"given":"Alexander J.","family":"Seymour","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Brain Health Research Centre University of Otago  Dunedin New Zealand"},{"name":"Centre for Neuroendocrinology Otago School of Medical Sciences University of Otago  Dunedin New Zealand"},{"name":"Department of Physiology Otago School of Medical Sciences University of Otago  Dunedin New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Victoria","family":"Scott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for 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