{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,8]],"date-time":"2026-06-08T12:34:19Z","timestamp":1780922059810,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,15]],"date-time":"2017-02-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1487116800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008340","name":"Elsass Fonden","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["10183383"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["10183383"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008340","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["The Journal of Physiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Key points<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>The early postnatal development of functional corticospinal connections in human infants is not fully clarified.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Corticospinal drive to upper and lower limb muscle shows developmental changes with an increased functional coupling in infants between 9 and 25 weeks in the beta frequency band.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>The changes in functional coupling coincide with the developmental period where fidgety movements are present in healthy infants.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Data support a possible sensitive period where functional connections between corticospinal tract fibres and spinal motoneurones undergo activity\u2010dependent reorganization.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<\/jats:list><\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The early postnatal development of functional corticospinal connections in human infants is not fully clarified. We used EEG and EMG to investigate the development of corticomuscular and intramuscular coherence as indicators of functional corticospinal connectivity in healthy infants aged 1\u201366\u00a0weeks. EEG was recorded over leg and hand area of motor cortex. EMG recordings were made from right ankle dorsiflexor and right wrist extensor muscles. Quantification of the amount of corticomuscular coherence in the 20\u201340\u00a0Hz frequency band showed a significantly larger coherence for infants aged 9\u201325\u00a0weeks compared to younger and older infants. Coherence between paired EMG recordings from tibialis anterior muscle in the 20\u201340\u00a0Hz frequency band was also significantly larger for the 9\u201325\u00a0week age group. A low\u2010amplitude, broad\u2010duration (40\u201350\u00a0ms) central peak of EMG\u2013EMG synchronization was observed for infants younger than 9\u00a0weeks, whereas a short\u2010lasting (10\u201320\u00a0ms) central peak was observed for EMG\u2013EMG synchronization in older infants. This peak was largest for infants aged 9\u201325\u00a0weeks. These data suggest that the corticospinal drive to lower and upper limb muscles shows significant developmental changes with an increase in functional coupling in infants aged 9\u201325\u00a0weeks, a period which coincides partly with the developmental period of normal fidgety movements. We propose that these neurophysiological findings may reflect the existence of a sensitive period where the functional connections between corticospinal tract fibres and spinal motoneurones undergo activity\u2010dependent reorganization. This may be relevant for the timing of early therapy interventions in infants with pre\u2010 and perinatal brain injury.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1113\/jp273090","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,22]],"date-time":"2016-12-22T07:38:54Z","timestamp":1482392334000},"page":"2699-2713","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":44,"title":["A critical period of corticomuscular and EMG\u2013EMG coherence detection in healthy infants aged 9\u201325\u00a0weeks"],"prefix":"10.1113","volume":"595","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3154-2537","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anina","family":"Ritterband\u2010Rosenbaum","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology University of Copenhagen  Copenhagen Denmark"},{"name":"Elsass Institute  Charlottenlund Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Herskind","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology University of Copenhagen  Copenhagen Denmark"},{"name":"Elsass Institute  Charlottenlund Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Neonatology Copenhagen University Hospital (Rigshospitalet)  Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xi","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology University of Copenhagen  Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Willerslev\u2010Olsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology University of Copenhagen  Copenhagen Denmark"},{"name":"Elsass Institute  Charlottenlund Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mikkel Damgaard","family":"Olsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Elsass Institute  Charlottenlund Denmark"},{"name":"Applied Mathematics and Computer Science Technical University of Denmark  Kgs. Lyngby Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5193-8195","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Simon Francis","family":"Farmer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience &amp; Movement Disorders, Institute of Neurology, University College London &amp; Department of Clinical Neurology National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery  UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5568-2916","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jens Bo","family":"Nielsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology University of Copenhagen  Copenhagen Denmark"},{"name":"Elsass Institute  Charlottenlund 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