{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T18:15:13Z","timestamp":1790100913308,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,1]],"date-time":"2017-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1485907200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001807","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado de S\u00e3o Paulo","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2013\/10484\u20105"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2013\/10484\u20105"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001807","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["The Journal of Physiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Key points<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Hypercapnia or parafacial respiratory group (pFRG) disinhibition at normocapnia evokes active expiration in rats by recruitment of pFRG late\u2010expiratory (late\u2010E) neurons.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>We show that hypercapnia simultaneously evoked active expiration and exaggerated glottal dilatation by late\u2010E synaptic excitation of abdominal, hypoglossal and laryngeal motoneurons. Simultaneous rhythmic expiratory activity in previously silent pFRG late\u2010E neurons, which did not express the marker of ventral medullary CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\u2010sensitive neurons (transcription factor Phox2b), was also evoked by hypercapnia.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Hypercapnia\u2010evoked active expiration, neural and neuronal late\u2010E activities were eliminated by pFRG inhibition, but not after blockade of synaptic excitation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Hypercapnia produces disinhibition of non\u2010chemosensitive pFRG late\u2010E neurons to evoke active expiration and concomitant cranial motor respiratory responses controlling the oropharyngeal and upper airway patency.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<\/jats:list><\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Hypercapnia produces active expiration in rats and the recruitment of late\u2010expiratory (late\u2010E) neurons located in the parafacial respiratory group (pFRG) of the ventral medullary brainstem. We tested the hypothesis that hypercapnia produces active expiration and concomitant cranial respiratory motor responses controlling the oropharyngeal and upper airway patency by disinhibition of pFRG late\u2010E neurons, but not via synaptic excitation. Phrenic nerve, abdominal nerve (AbN), cranial respiratory motor nerves, subglottal pressure, and medullary and spinal neurons\/motoneurons were recorded in <jats:italic>in situ<\/jats:italic> preparations of juvenile rats. Hypercapnia evoked AbN active expiration, exaggerated late\u2010E discharges in cranial respiratory motor outflows, and glottal dilatation via late\u2010E synaptic excitation of abdominal, hypoglossal and laryngeal motoneurons. Simultaneous rhythmic late\u2010E activity in previously silent pFRG neurons, which did not express the marker of ventral medullary CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\u2010sensitive neurons (transcription factor Phox2b), was also evoked by hypercapnia. In addition, hypercapnia\u2010evoked AbN active expiration, neural and neuronal late\u2010E activities were eliminated by pFRG inhibition, but not after blockade of synaptic excitation. On the other hand, pFRG inhibition did not affect either hypercapnia\u2010induced inspiratory increases in respiratory motor outflows or CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> sensitivity of the more medial Phox2b\u2010positive neurons in the retrotrapezoid nucleus (RTN). Our data suggest that neither RTN Phox2b\u2010positive nor other CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\u2010sensitive brainstem neurons activate Phox2b\u2010negative pFRG late\u2010E neurons under hypercapnia to produce AbN active expiration and concomitant cranial motor respiratory responses controlling the oropharyngeal and upper airway patency. Hypercapnia produces disinhibition of non\u2010chemosensitive pFRG late\u2010E neurons in <jats:italic>in situ<\/jats:italic> preparations of juvenile rats to activate abdominal, hypoglossal and laryngeal motoneurons.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1113\/jp273335","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,22]],"date-time":"2016-12-22T12:25:30Z","timestamp":1482409530000},"page":"2043-2064","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":59,"title":["Non\u2010chemosensitive parafacial neurons simultaneously regulate active expiration and airway patency under hypercapnia in rats"],"prefix":"10.1113","volume":"595","author":[{"given":"Alan A.","family":"de Britto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, School of Medicine of Ribeir\u00e3o Preto University of S\u00e3o Paulo  Ribeir\u00e3o Preto SP Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6132-0217","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Davi J. 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