{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T18:17:49Z","timestamp":1791310669264,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,16]],"date-time":"2016-12-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1481846400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MOP\u2010119337"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOP\u2010119337"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MOP\u2010133731"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOP\u2010133731"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["The Journal of Physiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Key points<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:list list-type=\"bullet\"><jats:list-item><jats:p>Incomplete development of the neural circuits that control breathing contributes to respiratory disorders in pre\u2010term infants. Manifestations include respiratory instability, prolonged apnoeas and poor ventilatory responses to stimuli.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item><jats:list-item><jats:p>Based on evidence suggesting that omega\u20103 polyunsaturated fatty acids (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u20103 PUFA) improves brain development, we determined whether<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u20103 PUFA supplementation (via the maternal diet) improves respiratory function in 10\u201311\u2010day\u2010old rat pups.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item><jats:list-item><jats:p><jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u20103 PUFA treatment prolonged apnoea duration but augmented the relative pulmonary surface area and the ventilatory response to hypoxia. During hypoxia, the drop in body temperature measured in treated pups was 1\u00a0\u00b0C less than in controls.<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u20103 PUFA treatment also reduced microglia cell density in the brainstem.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item><jats:list-item><jats:p>Although heterogeneous, the results obtained in rat pups constitute a proof of concept that<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u20103 PUFA supplementation can have positive effects on neonatal respiration. This includes a more sustained hypoxic ventilatory response and a decreased respiratory inhibition during laryngeal chemoreflex.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item><\/jats:list><\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Most pre\u2010term infants present respiratory instabilities and apnoeas as a result of incomplete development of the neural circuits that control breathing. Because omega\u20103 polyunsaturated fatty acids (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u20103 PUFA) benefit brain development, we hypothesized that<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u20103 PUFA supplementation (via the maternal diet) improves respiratory function in rat pups. Pups received<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u20103 PUFA supplementation from an enriched diet (13\u00a0g\u00a0kg<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>of<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u20103 PUFA) administered to the mother from birth until the experiments were performed (postnatal days 10\u201311). Controls received a standard diet (0.3\u00a0g\u00a0kg<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>of<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u20103 PUFA). Breathing was measured in intact pups at rest and during hypoxia (F<jats:sc>i<\/jats:sc>O<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\u00a0=\u00a00.12; 20\u00a0min) using whole body plethysmography. The duration of apnoeas induced by stimulating the laryngeal chemoreflex (LCR) was measured under anaesthesia. Lung morphology was compared between groups. Maternal<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u20103 PUFA supplementation effectively raised<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u20103 PUFA levels above control levels both in the blood and brainstem of pups. In intact, resting pups,<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u20103 PUFA increased the frequency and duration of apnoeas, especially in females. During hypoxia,<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u20103 PUFA supplemented pups hyperventilated 23% more than controls; their anapyrexic response was 1\u00a0\u00b0C less than controls. In anaesthetized pups,<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u20103 PUFA shortened the duration of LCR\u2010induced apnoeas by 32%. The relative pulmonary surface area of<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u20103 PUFA supplemented pups was 12% higher than controls. Although<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u20103 PUFA supplementation augments apnoeas, there is no clear evidence of deleterious consequences on these pups. Based on the improved lung architecture and responses to respiratory challenges, this neonatal treatment appears to be beneficial to the offspring. However, further experiments are necessary to establish its overall safety.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1113\/jp273471","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,16]],"date-time":"2016-11-16T15:38:33Z","timestamp":1479310713000},"page":"1637-1655","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Consequences of maternal omega\u20103 polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation on respiratory function in rat pups"],"prefix":"10.1113","volume":"595","author":[{"given":"Luana","family":"Tenorio\u2010Lopes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Universit\u00e9 Laval Centre de Recherche du CHU de Qu\u00e9bec Qu\u00e9bec QC Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4818-7623","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"C\u00e9cile","family":"Baldy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Universit\u00e9 Laval Centre de Recherche du CHU de 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