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In particular, our findings raise the suspicion of pulmonary hypertension after IUGR.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>This study establishes that IUGR also leads to impairment of the right ventricle in addition to the left ventricle classically studied.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<\/jats:list><\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Maternal nutrient restriction induces intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), increasing later life chronic disease including cardiovascular dysfunction. Our left ventricular (LV) CMRI studies in IUGR baboons (8\u00a0M, 8\u00a0F, 5.7\u00a0years \u2013 human equivalent approximately 25\u00a0years), control offspring (8\u00a0M, 8\u00a0F, 5.6\u00a0years), and normal elderly (OLD) baboons (6\u00a0M, 6\u00a0F, mean 15.9\u00a0years) revealed long\u2010term LV abnormalities in IUGR offspring. Although it is known that right ventricular (RV) function is dependent on LV health, the IUGR right ventricle remains poorly studied. We examined the right ventricle with cardiac magnetic resonance imaging in the same cohorts. We observed decreased ejection fraction (49\u00a0\u00b1\u00a02 <jats:italic>vs<\/jats:italic>. 33\u00a0\u00b1\u00a03%, <jats:italic>P\u00a0&lt;<\/jats:italic>\u00a00.001), cardiac index (2.73\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.27 <jats:italic>vs<\/jats:italic>. 1.89\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.20\u00a0l min<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup> m<jats:sup>\u22122<\/jats:sup>, <jats:italic>P\u00a0&lt;<\/jats:italic>\u00a00.05), early filling rate\/body surface area (BSA) (109.2\u00a0\u00b1\u00a07.8 <jats:italic>vs<\/jats:italic>. 44.6\u00a0\u00b1\u00a07.3\u00a0ml\u00a0s<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\u00a0m<jats:sup>\u22122<\/jats:sup>, <jats:italic>P\u00a0&lt;<\/jats:italic>\u00a00.001), wall thickening (61\u00a0\u00b1\u00a03 <jats:italic>vs<\/jats:italic>. 44\u00a0\u00b1\u00a05%, <jats:italic>P\u00a0&lt;<\/jats:italic>\u00a00.05), and longitudinal shortening (26\u00a0\u00b1\u00a03 <jats:italic>vs<\/jats:italic>. 15\u00a0\u00b1\u00a02%, <jats:italic>P\u00a0&lt;<\/jats:italic>\u00a00.01) in IUGR animals with increased chamber volumes. Many, but not all, of these changes share similarities to normal older animals. Our findings suggest IUGR\u2010induced pulmonary hypertension should be further investigated and that atrial volume, pulmonic outflow and interventricular septal motion may provide valuable insights into IUGR cardiovascular physiology. Overall, our findings reaffirm that gestational and neonatal challenges can result in long\u2010term programming of poor offspring cardiovascular health. To our knowledge, this is the first study reporting IUGR\u2010induced programmed adult RV dysfunction in an experimental primate model.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1113\/jp273928","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,25]],"date-time":"2017-04-25T07:23:28Z","timestamp":1493105008000},"page":"4245-4260","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":45,"title":["Maternal nutrient restriction during pregnancy and lactation leads to impaired right ventricular function in young adult baboons"],"prefix":"10.1113","volume":"595","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5517-7984","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anderson H.","family":"Kuo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology and Research Imaging Institute University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio  San Antonio TX USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cun","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of 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