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While the CBs (or embryologically analogous structures) are well known as the dominant oxygen\u2010sensing organ in vertebrates, in mammals there is evidence that the CBs may also sense glucose and temperature, and respond to circulating hormones and other factors. Additionally, the CBs likely participate in regulating baseline levels of sympathetic tone. In this brief review, we focus on the evolution of our efforts to understand \u2018what else\u2019 beyond oxygen sensing the CBs do in humans.\n                    <jats:boxed-text content-type=\"graphic\" position=\"anchor\">\n                      <jats:graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" mimetype=\"image\/png\" position=\"anchor\" specific-use=\"enlarged-web-image\" xlink:href=\"graphic\/tjp12819-gra-0001-m.png\">\n                        <jats:alt-text>image<\/jats:alt-text>\n                      <\/jats:graphic>\n                    <\/jats:boxed-text>\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1113\/jp274354","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,29]],"date-time":"2018-01-29T14:29:13Z","timestamp":1517236153000},"page":"3079-3085","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Role of the carotid body chemoreceptors in glucose homeostasis and thermoregulation in 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