{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T05:19:44Z","timestamp":1788412784749,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":76,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,8]],"date-time":"2017-08-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1502150400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["The Journal of Physiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Key points<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>The paratrigeminal respiratory group (pTRG) is responsible for the respiratory pattern generation in the lamprey.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>The role of ATP and astrocytes, known to control respiratory activity in mammals, was investigated in the lamprey respiratory network.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>ATP microinjected into the pTRG induces a biphasic response consisting of marked increases in respiratory frequency mediated by P2X receptors followed by a decrease in the respiratory motor output due to the ATP metabolite adenosine.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>We provide evidence that astrocytes are involved in the genesis of the normal respiratory pattern, ATP\u2010induced responses and acidification\u2010induced increases of the respiratory activity.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>The function of astrocytes in rhythmic networks appears to be phylogenetically conserved.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <\/jats:list>\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The role of ATP and astrocytes in respiratory rhythm modulation has been recently investigated in neonatal rodents. However, no information on the role of ATP and astrocytes within the respiratory network of the lamprey is available, particularly within the paratrigeminal respiratory group (pTRG), the proposed respiratory central pattern generator. To address these issues, the present study was carried out on isolated brainstems of the adult lamprey. Bath application of ATP caused marked increases in respiratory frequency followed by decreases in the respiratory motor output, mediated by the ATP metabolite adenosine at the level of the pTRG. Bath applications and microinjections of agonists and antagonists of purinergic receptors showed that ATP increased respiratory activity through an action on pTRG P2X receptors. To disclose the respiratory role of astrocytes, we used bath application of the gliotoxin aminoadipic acid, which dramatically depressed the respiratory motor output that, however, promptly recovered following glutamine application. Furthermore, the excitatory responses to ATP\u2010\u03b3\u2010S (a non\u2010hydrolysable ATP analogue), but not to substance P, microinjected into the pTRG, were abolished. Finally, we also demonstrated that acidification\u2010induced increases in respiratory activity were ATP\u2010independent, but mediated by the astrocytes\u2019 glutamate\u2013glutamine cycle. The results show for the first time that ATP and especially astrocytes strongly contribute to the modulation of the lamprey respiratory pattern. Their role in the modulation or maintenance of rhythmic neuronal activities appears to be phylogenetically conserved.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1113\/jp274749","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,22]],"date-time":"2017-07-22T07:22:38Z","timestamp":1500708158000},"page":"7063-7079","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["ATP and astrocytes play a prominent role in the control of the respiratory pattern generator in the lamprey"],"prefix":"10.1113","volume":"595","author":[{"given":"Elenia","family":"Cinelli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale e Clinica, Sezione Scienze Fisiologiche Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Firenze  Viale G.B. Morgagni 63 50134 Firenze Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ludovica","family":"Iovino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale e Clinica, Sezione Scienze Fisiologiche Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Firenze  Viale G.B. Morgagni 63 50134 Firenze Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8982-8052","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Donatella","family":"Mutolo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale e Clinica, Sezione Scienze Fisiologiche Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Firenze  Viale G.B. Morgagni 63 50134 Firenze Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2008.10.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.20-11-04091.2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0045-15.2015"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-2236(98)01349-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2008.03.034"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-8993(99)01251-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resp.2014.09.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.2001.00322.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1006947322342"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/expphysiol.2013.071951"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2013.268086"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0299-13.2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conb.2016.10.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2012.12.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/383259a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2623-09.2009"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resp.2010.06.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn1871"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2008.05830.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","volume-title":"Biostatistics: A Methodology for the Health Sciences","author":"Fisher LD","year":"1996"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cphy.c120004"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbpa.2015.01.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1190721"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature03690"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2016.06.041"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/JP270818"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/JP271480"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2006.12.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_30_1","first-page":"499","article-title":"Gliotransmitter release from astrocytes: functional, developmental, and pathological implications in the brain","volume":"9","author":"Harada K","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front Neurosci"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1985.sp015883"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7793.1999.0159r.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resp.2015.09.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.2001.90.4.1539"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2010.192088"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.01074.2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1460-9568.2000.00973.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.6027-09.2010"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2660-09.2009"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2016.03.048"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms10002"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2005.102533"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/31927"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3948-06.2007"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2007.143024"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2007.05.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-5381.1994.tb17022.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1999.81.1.247"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resp.2016.08.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2014.284430"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.4013"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1696-06.2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/JP271494"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2010.06.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2007.09.028"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2764-11.2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2012.231464"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resp.2015.02.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02584041"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2014.00378"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00904.2015"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conb.2016.08.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_63_1","first-page":"2386","article-title":"Neural control of ventilation in the lamprey","volume":"36","author":"Rovainen CM","year":"1977","journal-title":"Fed Proc"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.1979.59.4.1007"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000113208"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2016.00513"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0026309"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.22661"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2013.268490"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_70_1","first-page":"271","article-title":"Fine structural changes in the rat brain after local injections of gliotoxin, alpha\u2010aminoadipic acid","volume":"1","author":"Takada M","year":"1986","journal-title":"Histol Histopathol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00618119"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1281-16.2016"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bies.201400024"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_74_1","first-page":"71","article-title":"Immunoreactivity to glial fibrillary acid protein (GFAP) in the brain and spinal cord of the lamprey (Lampetra fluviatilis)","volume":"35","author":"Wasowicz M","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Hirnforsch"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00544.2010"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s002100000309"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2011.210930"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Physiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1113%2FJP274749","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1113\/JP274749","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,17]],"date-time":"2023-09-17T23:11:17Z","timestamp":1694992277000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1113\/JP274749"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,8]]},"references-count":76,"journal-issue":{"issue":"23","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1113\/JP274749"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1113\/jp274749","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-3751","1469-7793"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-3751","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-7793","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,8]]}}}