{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T22:57:16Z","timestamp":1789253836881,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":78,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,17]],"date-time":"2018-09-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1537142400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Conicyt PhD Fellowship"},{"name":"Anillo-Conicyt-PIA"},{"name":"Fondecyt"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Journal of Physiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Key points<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Light at night is essential to a 24\/7 society, but it has negative consequences on health. Basically, light at night induces an alteration of our biological clocks, known as chronodisruption, with effects even when this occurs during pregnancy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Here we explored the developmental impact of gestational chronodisruption (chronic photoperiod shift, CPS) on adult and fetal adrenal biorhythms and function.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>We found that gestational chronodisruption altered fetal and adult adrenal function, at the molecular, morphological and physiological levels.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>The differences between control and CPS offspring suggest desynchronization of the adrenal circadian clock and steroidogenic pathway, leading to abnormal stress responses and metabolic adaptation, potentially increasing the risk of developing chronic diseases.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<\/jats:list><\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Light at night is essential to a 24\/7 society, but it has negative consequences on health. Basically, light at night induces an alteration of our biological clocks, known as chronodisruption, with effects even when this occurs during pregnancy. Indeed, an abnormal photoperiod during gestation alters fetal development, inducing long\u2010term effects on the offspring. Accordingly, we carried out a longitudinal study in rats, exploring the impact of gestational chronodisruption on the adrenal biorhythms and function of the offspring. Adult rats (90\u00a0days old) gestated under chronic photoperiod shift (CPS) decrease the time spent in the open arm zone of an elevated plus maze to 62% and increase the rearing time to 170%. CPS adults maintained individual daily changes in corticosterone, but their acrophases were distributed from 12.00\u00a0h to 06.00\u00a0h. CPS offspring maintained clock gene expression and oscillation, nevertheless no daily rhythm was observed in genes involved in the regulation and synthesis of steroids. Consistent with adult adrenal gland being programmed during fetal life, blunted daily rhythms of corticosterone, core clock gene machinery, and steroidogenic genes were observed in CPS fetal adrenal glands. Comparisons of the global transcriptome of CPS <jats:italic>versus<\/jats:italic> control fetal adrenal gland revealed that 1078 genes were differentially expressed (641 down\u2010regulated and 437 up\u2010regulated). <jats:italic>In silico<\/jats:italic> analysis revealed significant changes in Lipid Metabolism, Small Molecule Biochemistry, Cellular Development and the Inflammatory Response pathway (<jats:italic>z<\/jats:italic> score: 48\u201320). Altogether, the present results demonstrate that gestational chronodisruption changed fetal and adult adrenal function. This could translate to long\u2010term abnormal stress responses and metabolic adaptation, increasing the risk of developing chronic diseases.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1113\/jp276083","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,17]],"date-time":"2018-08-17T19:57:47Z","timestamp":1534535867000},"page":"5839-5857","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Gestational chronodisruption leads to persistent changes in the rat fetal and adult adrenal clock and function"],"prefix":"10.1113","volume":"596","author":[{"given":"E. R.","family":"Salazar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Cronobiolog\u00eda del Desarrollo, Instituto de Anatom\u00eda, Histolog\u00eda y Patolog\u00eda, Facultad de Medicina Universidad Austral de Chile  Valdivia Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H. 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