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Despite their fundamental role in respiration, their functional and morphological properties are not fully understood. In the present study, we investigated for the first time the contribution of RA muscle to active expiration and characterized RA motoneurons regarding their electrical, molecular and morphological profiles in control rats and in rats submitted to sustained hypoxia (SH), which induces chronic recruitment of abdominal muscles. Electromyographic experiments in conscious freely moving control rats and SH rats showed that RA contributes to active expiration induced by acute hypoxia, although its contribution is smaller than in internal oblique muscles. <jats:italic>in\u00a0vitro<\/jats:italic> whole\u2010cell patch clamp recordings from RA motoneurons revealed two populations of cells: tonically active and silent. SH induced hyperexcitability in the tonically active cells by changing their action potential properties, and EPSCs. Three\u2010dimensional morphological reconstructions of these cells showed that SH increased the dendritic complexity, stimulated the appearance of dendrite spines, and increased the somatic area and volume. Physiologically identified RA motoneurons, firing in two distinct phases of expiration, were recorded in the brainstem\u2013spinal cord <jats:italic>in<\/jats:italic> situ preparation of rats. SH increased the firing frequency and EPSCs of neurons firing during stage 2 expiration. Taken together, our results show that RA motoneurons reconfigure their biophysical properties, morphology and synaptic strength to produce an appropriate expiratory drive in response to SH in rats.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1113\/jp277030","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,12]],"date-time":"2019-02-12T14:51:53Z","timestamp":1549983113000},"page":"1935-1956","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Hyperexcitability and plasticity induced by sustained hypoxia on rectus abdominis motoneurons"],"prefix":"10.1113","volume":"597","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5730-0993","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Melina P.","family":"da Silva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine of Ribeir\u00e3o Preto Department of Physiology University of S\u00e3o Paulo  Ribeir\u00e3o Preto SP 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