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Overall, females are protected against obesity\u2010induced insulin resistance; yet, the mechanisms responsible for this protection are not well understood. Therefore, the aim of the present work was to evaluate the underlying mechanism(s) by which female mice are protected against obesity\u2010induced insulin resistance compared with male mice. We studied male and female mice in age\u2010matched or body weight\u2010matched conditions. They were fed a high\u2010fat diet (HFD) or regular chow for 4\u00a0weeks. We also studied HFD male mice treated with oestradiol or vehicle. Both HFD female and HFD male mice treated with oestradiol displayed increased whole\u2010body insulin sensitivity, associated with reduction in ectopic hepatic and muscle lipid content compared to HFD male mice. Reductions in ectopic lipid content in these mice were associated with increased insulin\u2010stimulated suppression of white adipose tissue (WAT) lipolysis. Both HFD female and HFD male mice treated with oestradiol also displayed striking reductions in WAT inflammation, represented by reductions in plasma and adipose tissue tumour necrosis factor \u03b1 and interleukin 6 concentrations. Taken together these data support the hypothesis that HFD female mice are protected from obesity\u2010induced insulin resistance due to oestradiol\u2010mediated reductions in WAT inflammation, leading to improved insulin\u2010mediated suppression of WAT lipolysis and reduced ectopic lipid content in liver and skeletal muscle.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1113\/jp277270","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,17]],"date-time":"2019-06-17T14:32:52Z","timestamp":1560781972000},"page":"3885-3903","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":70,"title":["Anti\u2010inflammatory effects of oestrogen mediate the sexual dimorphic response to lipid\u2010induced insulin resistance"],"prefix":"10.1113","volume":"597","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3486-4301","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jo\u00e3o Paulo","family":"Camporez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine Yale University School of Medicine  New Haven CT 06520 USA"},{"name":"Department of Physiology and Biophysics Institute of Biomedical Sciences University of Sao Paulo  Sao Paulo Brazil 05508\u2010000"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kun","family":"Lyu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine Yale University School of Medicine  New Haven CT 06520 USA"},{"name":"Cellular &amp; Molecular Physiology Yale University School of Medicine  New Haven CT 06520 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emily L.","family":"Goldberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Comparative Medicine Yale University School of Medicine  New Haven CT 06520 USA"},{"name":"Immunobiology Yale University School of Medicine  New Haven CT 06520 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