{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T08:55:40Z","timestamp":1787907340947,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,3]],"date-time":"2019-04-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1554249600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000265","name":"Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MR\/P006183\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MR\/P006183\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000265","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Journal of Physiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Key points<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Despite evidence that the human cerebellum has an important role in swallowing neurophysiology, the effects of cerebellar stimulation on swallowing in the disrupted brain have not been explored.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>In this study, for the first time, the application of cerebellar neurostimulation is characterized in a human model of disrupted swallowing (using a cortical virtual lesion).<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>It is demonstrated that cerebellar stimulation can reverse the suppressed activity in the cortical swallowing system and restore swallowing function in a challenging behavioural task, suggesting the findings may have important therapeutic implications.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<\/jats:list><\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) can alter neuronal activity within the brain with therapeutic potential. Low frequency stimulation to the \u2018dominant\u2019 cortical swallowing projection induces a \u2018virtual\u2010lesion\u2019 transiently suppressing cortical excitability and disrupting swallowing behaviour. Here, we compared the ability of ipsi\u2010lesional, contra\u2010lesional and sham cerebellar rTMS to reverse the effects of a \u2018virtual\u2010lesion\u2019 in health. Two groups of healthy participants (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a015\/group) were intubated with pharyngeal catheters. Baseline pharyngeal motor evoked potentials (PMEPs) and swallowing performance (reaction task) were measured. Participants received 10\u00a0min of 1\u00a0Hz rTMS to the pharyngeal motor cortex which elicited the largest PMEPs to suppress cortical activity and disrupt swallowing behaviour. Over six visits, participants were randomized to receive 250 pulses of 10\u00a0Hz cerebellar rTMS to the ipsi\u2010lesional side, contra\u2010lesional side or sham while assessing PMEP amplitude or swallowing performance for an hour afterwards. Compared to sham, active cerebellar rTMS, whether administered ipsi\u2010lesionally (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.011) or contra\u2010lesionally (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.005), reversed the inhibitory effects of the cortical \u2018virtual\u2010lesion\u2019 on PMEPs and swallowing accuracy (ipsi\u2010lesional, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001, contra\u2010lesional, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001). Cerebellar rTMS was able to reverse the disruptive effects of a \u2018virtual lesion\u2019. These findings provide evidence for developing cerebellar rTMS into a treatment for post\u2010stroke dysphagia.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1113\/jp277545","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,25]],"date-time":"2019-03-25T09:53:42Z","timestamp":1553507622000},"page":"2533-2546","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":57,"title":["Cerebellar repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation restores pharyngeal brain activity and swallowing behaviour after disruption by a cortical virtual lesion"],"prefix":"10.1113","volume":"597","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2050-0726","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ayodele","family":"Sasegbon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastrointestinal (GI) Sciences Division of Diabetes Endocrinology and Gastroenterology School of Medical Sciences University of Manchester Salford Royal Hospital (part of the Manchester Academic Health 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