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In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that adipose tissue surrounding uterine arteries (uterine perivascular adipose tissue; PVAT) is a novel local mediator of UtBF and uterine artery tone during pregnancy. <jats:italic>In vivo<\/jats:italic> experiments in anaesthetized Sprague\u2013Dawley rats showed that pregnant animals (gestational day 16, term\u00a0=\u00a022\u2013\u201323\u00a0days) had a three\u2010fold higher UtBF compared to non\u2010pregnant animals. Surgical removal of uterine PVAT reduced UtBF only in pregnant rats. In a series of <jats:italic>ex vivo<\/jats:italic> bioassays, we demonstrated that uterine PVAT had pro\u2010contractile and anti\u2010dilatory effects on rat uterine arteries. In the presence of PVAT\u2010conditioned media, isolated uterine arteries from both pregnant and non\u2010pregnant rats had reduced vasodilatory responses. In non\u2010pregnant rats, these responses were mediated at the level of uterine vascular smooth muscle, whereas, in pregnant rats, PVAT\u2010media reduced endothelium\u2010dependent relaxation. Pregnancy increased adipocyte size in ovarian adipose tissue but had no effect on uterine PVAT adipocyte morphology. In addition, pregnancy down\u2010regulated the gene expression of metabolic adipokines in uterine but not in aortic PVAT. In conclusion, this is the first study to demonstrate that uterine PVAT plays a regulatory role in UtBF, at least in part, as a result of its actions on uterine artery tone. We propose that the interaction between the uterine vascular wall and its adjacent adipose tissue may provide new insights for interventions in pregnancies with adipose tissue dysfunction and abnormal UtBF.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1113\/jp277643","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,5]],"date-time":"2019-06-05T06:44:46Z","timestamp":1559717086000},"page":"3833-3852","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Uterine perivascular adipose tissue is a novel mediator of uterine artery blood flow and reactivity in rat pregnancy"],"prefix":"10.1113","volume":"597","author":[{"given":"Oluwatobiloba","family":"Osikoya","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology and Anatomy University of North Texas Health Science Center  Fort Worth TX 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