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Nevertheless, noxious pollutants evoke sympathoexcitation (tachycardia, hypertension) in cardiovascular disease patients. We hypothesize that cardiovascular disease alters nociceptive pulmonary\u2010cardiac reflexes. Here, we studied reflex responses to irritants in normotensive Wistar\u2010Kyoto (WKY) rats and spontaneously hypertensive (SH) rats. Inhaled allyl isothiocyanate (AITC) evoked atropine\u2010sensitive bradycardia with atrial\u2010ventricular (AV) block in conscious WKY rats, thus indicating a parasympathetic reflex. Conversely, inhaled AITC in conscious SH rats evoked complex brady\u2010tachycardia with both AV block and premature ventricular contractions (PVCs). Atropine abolished the bradycardia and AV block, but the atropine\u2010insensitive tachycardia and PVCs were abolished by the \u03b2<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\u2010adrenoceptor antagonist atenolol. The aberrant AITC\u2010evoked reflex in SH rats was not reduced by acute blood pressure reduction by captopril. Surprisingly, intravenous AITC only evoked bradycardia in conscious SH and WKY rats. Furthermore, anaesthesia reduced the cardiac reflexes evoked by inhaled but not injected AITC. Nevertheless, anaesthesia had little effect on AITC\u2010evoked respiratory reflexes. Such data suggest distinct differences in nociceptive reflex pathways dependent on cardiovascular disease, administration route and downstream effector. AITC\u2010evoked tachycardia in decerebrate SH rats was abolished by vagotomy. Finally, there was no difference in the cardiac responses of WKY and SH rats to vagal efferent electrical stimulation. Our data suggest that AITC inhalation in SH rats evokes <jats:italic>de novo<\/jats:italic> adrenergic reflexes following vagal afferent activation. This aberrant reflex is independent of steady state hypertension and is not evoked by intravenous AITC. We conclude that pre\u2010existing hypertension aberrantly shifts nociceptive pulmonary\u2010cardiac reflexes towards sympathoexcitation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1113\/jp278085","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,11]],"date-time":"2019-05-11T13:31:23Z","timestamp":1557581483000},"page":"3255-3279","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Nociceptive pulmonary\u2010cardiac reflexes are altered in the spontaneously hypertensive rat"],"prefix":"10.1113","volume":"597","author":[{"given":"J. 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