{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]],"date-time":"2026-04-16T21:49:38Z","timestamp":1776376178743,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"24","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,28]],"date-time":"2019-11-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1574899200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1055084"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1055084"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Journal of Physiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Key points<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>How we judge the location of our body parts can be affected by a range of factors that change how our brain interprets proprioceptive signals.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>We examined the effect of several such factors on how we perceive an object's width and the spacing between our thumb and fingers when grasping. Grasp\u2010related perceptions were slightly wider when using all digits, in line with our tendency to grasp larger objects with the entire hand.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Surprisingly, these perceptions were not affected by the frames of reference for judgements (object width <jats:italic>versus<\/jats:italic> grasp aperture), whether the object was grasped actively or passively, or the strength of the grasp.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>These results show that the brain maintains a largely stable representation of the hand when grasping stationary objects. This stability may underpin our dexterity when grasping a vast array of objects.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<\/jats:list><\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Various factors can alter how the brain interprets proprioceptive signals, leading to errors in how we perceive our body and execute motor tasks. This study determined the effect of critical factors on hand\u2010based perceptions. In Experiment\u00a01, 20 participants grasped without lifting an unseen 6.5\u00a0cm\u2010wide object with two grasp configurations: thumb and all fingers, and thumb and index finger. Participants reported perceived grasp aperture (body reference frame) or perceived object width (external reference frame) using visual charts. In Experiment\u00a02, 20 participants grasped the object with three grasp intensities (1, 5 and 15% maximal grasp force) actively or passively and reported perceived grasp aperture. A follow\u2010up experiment addressed whether results from Experiment\u00a02 were influenced by the external force applied during passive grasp. Overall, there was a mean difference of 0.38\u00a0cm (95% confidence interval (CI), 0.12 to 0.63) between the two grasp configurations (all digits compared to thumb and index finger). Perceived object width compared to perceived grasp aperture differed by only \u22120.04\u00a0cm (95% CI, \u22120.30 to 0.21). There was no real effect of grasp intensity on perceived grasp aperture (\u22120.01\u00a0cm; 95% CI, \u22120.03 to 0.01) or grasp type (active <jats:italic>versus<\/jats:italic> passive; 0.18\u00a0cm; 95% CI, \u22120.19 to 0.55). Overall, grasp\u2010related perceptions are slightly wider when using all digits, in line with our tendency to grasp larger objects with the entire hand. The other factors \u2013 frame of reference, grasp intensity and grasp type \u2013 had no meaningful effect on these perceptions. These results provide evidence that the brain maintains a largely stable representation of the hand.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1113\/jp278630","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,31]],"date-time":"2019-10-31T23:53:40Z","timestamp":1572566020000},"page":"5973-5984","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Stability of perception of the hand's aperture in a grasp"],"prefix":"10.1113","volume":"597","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3678-1297","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Annie A.","family":"Butler","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroscience Research Australia  Randwick New South Wales 2031 Australia"},{"name":"University of New South Wales  Kensington New South Wales 2032 Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3354-7104","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martin 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