{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]],"date-time":"2026-02-11T12:31:28Z","timestamp":1770813088023,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,9]],"date-time":"2019-12-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1575849600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002347","name":"Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Bildung und Forschung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["TRAINSTIM 01GQ1424E"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TRAINSTIM 01GQ1424E"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002347","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002347","name":"Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Bildung und Forschung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["GCBS"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GCBS"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002347","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002347","name":"Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Bildung und Forschung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["01EE1501"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["01EE1501"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002347","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Journal of Physiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Key points<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>To explore the capability of cathodal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) to induce late\u2010phase long\u2010term depression (LTD) via repeated stimulation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Conventional (1\u00a0mA for 15\u00a0min) and intensified (3\u00a0mA for 20\u00a0min) protocols with short (20\u00a0min) and long (24\u00a0h) intervals were tested.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Late\u2010phase plasticity was not induced by a single repetition of stimulation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Repetition reduced the efficacy of stimulation protocols with higher intensities.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<\/jats:list><\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has shown promising results in pilot studies as a therapeutic intervention in disorders of the central nervous system, but more sustained effects are required for clinical application. To address this issue, one possible solution is the use of repeated stimulation protocols. Previous studies indicated the possibility of extending the after\u2010effects of single intervention cathodal tDCS by repeating the tDCS, with relatively short intervals between repetitions being most effective. In this study, we thus investigated the effects of repeated stimulation protocols at short and long intervals, for a conventional tDCS protocol (1\u00a0mA for 15\u00a0min) and a newly developed optimized protocol (3\u00a0mA for 20\u00a0min). In 16 healthy participants, we compared single interventions of conventional and optimized protocols, repeated application of these protocols at intervals of 20\u00a0min and 24\u00a0h, and a sham tDCS session. tDCS\u2010induced neuroplastic after\u2010effects were then monitored with transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)\u2010induced motor evoked potentials (MEPs) until the following evening after stimulation. The results revealed that the duration of the after\u2010effects of repeated conventional and optimized protocols with short intervals remained nearly unchanged compared to the respective single intervention protocols. For the long\u2010interval (24\u00a0h) protocol, stimulation with the conventional protocol did not significantly alter respective after\u2010effects, while it reduced the efficacy of the optimized protocol, compared with respective single interventions. Thus late\u2010phase plasticity could not be induced by a single repetition of stimulation in this study, but repetition reduced the efficacy of stimulation protocols with higher intensities. This study provides further insights into the dependency of tDCS\u2010induced neuroplasticity on stimulation parameters, and therefore delivers crucial information for future tDCS applications.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1113\/jp278857","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,12]],"date-time":"2019-11-12T21:34:02Z","timestamp":1573594442000},"page":"805-816","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Probing the relevance of repeated cathodal transcranial direct current stimulation over the primary motor cortex for prolongation of after\u2010effects"],"prefix":"10.1113","volume":"598","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3826-5795","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohsen","family":"Mosayebi Samani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology and Neurosciences Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors  Dortmund 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