{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T03:01:00Z","timestamp":1784775660946,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,14]],"date-time":"2020-04-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1586822400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1101898"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1101898"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Journal of Physiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Key points<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Respiratory muscle strength is compromised in people with tetraplegia, which may be compensated for by an increase in neural drive to the diaphragm.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>We found that the discharge frequencies of diaphragm motor units are higher in people with chronic tetraplegia compared with able\u2010bodied people during quiet breathing.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Furthermore, we found that the area of single motor unit potentials was increased in people with tetraplegia.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>These results suggest an increased motoneurone output to the diaphragm and remodelling of diaphragm motor units to maintain ventilation in tetraplegia.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<\/jats:list>\n<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>People with tetraplegia have reduced inspiratory muscle strength, \u223c40% of able\u2010bodied individuals. Paralysed or partially paralysed respiratory muscles as a result of tetraplegia compromise lung function, increase the incidence of respiratory infections and can cause dyspnoea. We hypothesised that reduced inspiratory muscle strength in tetraplegia may increase neural drive to the inspiratory muscles to maintain ventilation. We recorded the discharge properties of single motor units from the diaphragm in participants with chronic tetraplegia (8 males, 42\u201378 years, C3\u2013C6 injury, AIS A\u2013C) and able\u2010bodied control participants (6 males matched for age and body mass index). In each group, 117 and 166 single motor units, respectively, were discriminated from recordings in the costal diaphragm using a monopolar electrode. A linear mixed\u2010effects model analysis showed higher peak discharge frequencies of motor units during quiet breathing in tetraplegia (17.8 \u00b1 4.9\u00a0Hz; mean \u00b1 SD) compared with controls (12.4 \u00b1 2.2\u00a0Hz) (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001). There were no differences in tidal volume, inspiratory time or mean air flow between groups. Motor unit potentials in tetraplegia, compared with controls, were larger in amplitude (1.1 \u00b1 0.7\u00a0mV and 0.5 \u00b1 0.3\u00a0mV, respectively, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.007) and area (1.83 \u00b1 1.49\u00a0\u00b5V ms and 0.69 \u00b1 0.52\u00a0\u00b5V ms, respectively, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.003). The findings indicate that diaphragm motor unit remodelling is likely to have occurred in people with chronic tetraplegia and that there is an increase in diaphragm motor unit discharge rates during quiet breathing. These neural changes ensure that ventilation is maintained in people with chronic tetraplegia.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1113\/jp279220","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,21]],"date-time":"2020-02-21T14:02:40Z","timestamp":1582293760000},"page":"2243-2256","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Increased diaphragm motor unit discharge frequencies during quiet breathing in people with chronic tetraplegia"],"prefix":"10.1113","volume":"598","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3782-3540","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"D. A. T.","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroscience Research Australia"},{"name":"University of New South Wales"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R. H. 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C.","family":"Gandevia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroscience Research Australia"},{"name":"University of New South Wales"},{"name":"Prince of Wales Hospital, NSW  Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5834-8152","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jane E.","family":"Butler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroscience Research Australia"},{"name":"University of New South Wales"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","unstructured":"AgostoniE&Sant'AmbrogioG(1970).The diaphragm. 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