{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,12]],"date-time":"2025-12-12T13:36:04Z","timestamp":1765546564328,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,1]],"date-time":"2020-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1588291200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["APP1159744"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["APP1159744"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Journal of Physiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Significance Statement<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Gastric vagal afferent responses to tension are dampened in high fat diet\u2010induced obesity.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Endocannabinoids are known to dose\u2010dependently inhibit and excite gastric vagal afferents but their effect on gastric vagal afferents in diet\u2010induced obesity are unknown.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>In individual gastric vagal afferent neurons of diet\u2010induced obese mice the co\u2010expression of components of the endocannabinoid system, including CB1, GHSR, TRPV1 and FAAH, was increased compared with lean mice.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>In high fat diet\u2010induced obese mice, methanandamide only inhibited gastric vagal afferent responses to tension, possibly due to the observed change in the balance of receptors, hormones and breakdown enzymes in this system.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Collectively, these data suggest that endocannabinoid signalling, by gastric vagal afferents, is altered in diet\u2010induced obesity which may impact satiety and gastrointestinal function.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<\/jats:list><\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Gastric vagal afferents (GVAs) play a role in appetite regulation. The endocannabinoid anandamide (AEA) dose\u2010dependently inhibits and excites tension\u2010sensitive GVAs. However, it is also known that high fat diet (HFD) feeding alters GVA responses to stretch. The aim of this study was to determine the role of AEA in GVA signalling in lean and HFD\u2010induced obese mice.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Male C57BL\/6 mice were fed (12\u00a0weeks) a standard laboratory diet (SLD) or HFD. Protein and mRNA expression of components of the cannabinoid system was determined in individual GVA cell bodies and the gastric mucosa. An <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> GVA preparation was used to assess the effect of methanandamide (mAEA) on tension\u2010sensitive GVAs and the second messenger pathways involved.<\/jats:p><jats:p>In individual GVA cell bodies, cannabinoid 1 (CB1) and ghrelin (GHSR) receptor mRNA was higher in HFD mice than SLD mice. Conversely, gastric mucosal AEA and ghrelin protein levels were lower in HFD mice than SLD mice. In SLD mice, mAEA exerted dose\u2010dependent inhibitory and excitatory effects on tension\u2010sensitive GVAs. Only an inhibitory effect of mAEA was observed in HFD mice. The excitatory effect of mAEA was dependent on CB1, transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) and the protein kinase C. Conversely, the inhibitory effect was dependent on CB1, growth hormone secretagogue receptor, TRPV1 and the protein kinase A. Endocannabinoids, acting through CB1 and TRPV1, have a pivotal role in modulating GVA satiety signals depending on the second messenger pathway utilised. In HFD mice only an inhibitory effect was observed. These changes may contribute to the development and\/or maintenance of obesity.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1113\/jp279449","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,1]],"date-time":"2020-04-01T19:43:47Z","timestamp":1585770227000},"page":"2169-2182","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Modulatory effect of methanandamide on gastric vagal afferent satiety signals depends on nutritional status"],"prefix":"10.1113","volume":"598","author":[{"given":"Stewart","family":"Christie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Vagal Afferent Research Group Adelaide Medical School University of Adelaide  Adelaide SA 5005 Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rebecca","family":"O'Rielly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vagal Afferent Research Group Adelaide Medical School University of Adelaide  Adelaide SA 5005 Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hui","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vagal Afferent Research Group Adelaide Medical School University of Adelaide  Adelaide SA 5005 Australia"},{"name":"Nutrition, Diabetes &amp; Gut Health Lifelong Health Theme South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI)  Adelaide SA 5000 Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1879-7797","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria","family":"Nunez\u2010Salces","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vagal Afferent Research Group Adelaide Medical School University of Adelaide  Adelaide SA 5005 Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gary A","family":"Wittert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vagal Afferent Research Group Adelaide Medical School University of Adelaide  Adelaide SA 5005 Australia"},{"name":"Nutrition, Diabetes &amp; Gut Health Lifelong Health Theme South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI)  Adelaide SA 5000 Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7086-5865","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amanda J","family":"Page","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vagal Afferent Research Group Adelaide Medical School University of Adelaide  Adelaide SA 5005 Australia"},{"name":"Nutrition, Diabetes &amp; Gut Health Lifelong Health Theme South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI)  Adelaide SA 5000 Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.14052"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2013.08.047"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M707268200"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.1983.245.3.G334"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.regpep.2007.08.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2032100100"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_1","article-title":"Biphasic effects of methanandamide on murine gastric vagal afferent mechanosensitivity","author":"Christie S","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI30227"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1054\/plef.2001.0358"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0707682"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2007.07.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/db16-0482"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M114.581397"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/febs.12212"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1295-1311"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_17_1","first-page":"602","article-title":"Suramin analogues as subtype\u2010selective G protein inhibitors","volume":"49","author":"Freissmuth M","year":"1996","journal-title":"Mol Pharmacol"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14579","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)71718-3","article-title":"Protein kinase inhibitor\u2010(6\u201022)\u2010amide peptide analogs with standard and nonstandard amino acid substitutions for phenylalanine 10. 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