{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T06:48:17Z","timestamp":1790664497784,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,7]],"date-time":"2020-09-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1599436800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Journal of Physiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Key points<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Stress triggers and exacerbates the symptoms of functional gastrointestinal disorders, such as delayed gastric emptying and impaired gastric motility.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Understanding the mechanisms by which the neural circuits, impaired by stress, are restored may help to identify potential targets for more effective therapeutic interventions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Oxytocin administration or release ameliorates the stress\u2010induced delayed gastric emptying and motility. However, is it unclear whether the effects are mediated via the hypothalamic\u2010pituitary\u2010adrenocortical axis or the oxytocinergic projections from the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus to brainstem neurones of the dorsal vagal complex.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>We used Cre\u2010inducible designer receptors exclusively activated by designer drugs to demonstrate the fundamental role of the oxytocinergic hypothalamic\u2013vagal projections in the gastric adaptation to stress.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<\/jats:list><\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Stress triggers and exacerbates the symptoms of functional gastrointestinal (GI) disorders, such as delayed gastric emptying and impaired gastric motility. The prototypical anti\u2010stress hormone, oxytocin (OXT), plays a major role in the modulation of gastric emptying and motility following stress. It is not clear, however, whether the amelioration of dysregulated GI functions by OXT is mediated via an effect on the hypothalamic\u2010pituitary\u2010adrenocortical axis or the oxytocinergic projections from the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN) to neurones of the dorsal vagal complex (DVC). In the present study we tested the hypothesis that the activity of hypothalamic\u2013vagal oxytocinergic neurocircuits plays a major role in the gastric adaptation to stress. Cre\u2010inducible designer receptors exclusively activated by designer drugs (DREADDs) were injected into the DVC of rats and retrogradely transported to allow selective expression in OXT neurones in the PVN. Following acute stress and either chronic heterotypic (CHe) or chronic homotypic (CHo) stress, gastric emptying was assessed via the [<jats:sup>13<\/jats:sup>C]\u2010octanoic acid breath test, and gastric tone and motility were assessed via strain gauges sewn on the surface of the stomach. Activation of the hypothalamic\u2013vagal oxytocinergic neurocircuitry, by DREADD agonist clozapine\u2010N\u2010oxide (CNO), prevented the delayed gastric emptying observed following acute or CHe stress, and 4th ventricular administration of CNO increased gastric tone and motility. Conversely, CNO\u2010mediated inhibition of the hypothalamic\u2013vagal oxytocinergic neurocircuitry prevented the CHo\u2010induced adaptation in gastric emptying, and an increase in gastric tone and motility. Taken together, the data support the hypothesis that hypothalamic\u2013vagal oxytocinergic neurocircuits play a major role in the modulation of gastric emptying and motility following stress.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1113\/jp280023","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,31]],"date-time":"2020-08-31T01:23:50Z","timestamp":1598837030000},"page":"4941-4955","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Hypothalamic\u2013vagal oxytocinergic neurocircuitry modulates gastric emptying and motility following stress"],"prefix":"10.1113","volume":"598","author":[{"given":"Yanyan","family":"Jiang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences Penn State College of Medicine  Hershey PA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2297-7683","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"R. 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