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However, decreases in GABA are suggested to be a key feature of human motor learning, which raises questions about whether drugs increasing GABAergic activity may impair motor learning and rehabilitation. In this double\u2010blind, placebo\u2010controlled study, we investigated whether a single 10 mg dose of the GABA<jats:sub>B<\/jats:sub> agonist baclofen impaired motor sequence learning and visuomotor learning in 20 young healthy participants of both sexes. Participants trained on visuomotor and sequence learning tasks using their right hand. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) measures of corticospinal excitability, GABA<jats:sub>A<\/jats:sub> (short\u2010interval intracortical inhibition<jats:sub>,<\/jats:sub> 2.5\u00a0ms) and GABA<jats:sub>B<\/jats:sub> (long\u2010interval intracortical inhibition<jats:sub>,<\/jats:sub> 150\u00a0ms) receptor activation were recorded from left M1. Behaviourally, baclofen caused a significant reduction of visuomotor aftereffect (<jats:italic>F<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>1,137.8<\/jats:sub>\u00a0=\u00a06.133, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.014) and retention (<jats:italic>F<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>1,130.7<\/jats:sub>\u00a0=\u00a04.138, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.044), with no significant changes to sequence learning. There were no overall changes to TMS measured GABAergic inhibition with this low dose of baclofen. This result confirms the causal importance of GABA<jats:sub>B<\/jats:sub> inhibition in mediating visuomotor learning and suggests that chronic baclofen use could negatively impact aspects of motor rehabilitation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1113\/jp280378","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,21]],"date-time":"2020-10-21T15:35:09Z","timestamp":1603294509000},"page":"307-322","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["A single, clinically relevant dose of the GABA<sub>B<\/sub> agonist baclofen impairs visuomotor learning"],"prefix":"10.1113","volume":"599","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9564-6290","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ainslie","family":"Johnstone","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging FMRIB Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences University of Oxford  Oxford UK"},{"name":"Department of 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