{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T23:22:32Z","timestamp":1789428152064,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,12]],"date-time":"2021-05-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1620777600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["physoc.pericles-gcp.literatumonline.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Journal of Physiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Key points<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Carotid body (CB) chemoreceptors are hyperactive in hypertension, and their acute activation produces bronchoconstriction.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>We show that the respiratory\u2010modulated bronchiolar tone, pulmonary parasympathetic efferent activity, and the firing frequency and synaptic excitation of bronchoconstrictor motoneurones in the nucleus ambiguus were all enhanced in spontaneous hypertensive (SH) rats.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>In SH rats, CB denervation reduced the respiratory\u2010related parasympathetic\u2010mediated bronchoconstrictor tone to levels seen in normotensive rats.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Chemoreflex evoked bronchoconstrictor tone was heightened in SH <jats:italic>versus<\/jats:italic> normotensive rats.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>The intrinsic electrophysiological properties and morphology of bronchoconstrictor motoneurones were similar across rat strains.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>The heightened respiratory modulation of parasympathetic\u2010mediated bronchoconstrictor tone to the airways in SH rats is caused by afferent drive from the CBs.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<\/jats:list><\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Much research has described heightened sympathetic activity in hypertension and diminished parasympathetic tone, especially to the heart. The carotid body (CB) chemoreceptors exhibit hyperreflexia and are hyperactive, providing excitatory drive to sympathetic networks in hypertension. Given that acute CB activation produces reflex evoked bronchoconstriction via activation of parasympathetic vagal efferents, we hypothesised that the parasympathetic bronchoconstrictor activity is enhanced in spontaneously hypertensive (SH) rats and that this is dependent on CB inputs. <jats:italic>In situ<\/jats:italic> preparations of Wistar and SH rats were used in which bronchiolar tone, the pulmonary branch of the vagus (pVN) and phrenic nerves were recorded simultaneously; whole cell patch clamp recordings of bronchoconstrictor vagal motoneurones were also made from the nucleus ambiguus. Bronchiolar tone, pVN and bronchoconstrictor motoneurones were respiratory modulated and this modulation was enhanced in SH rats. These differences were all eliminated after CB denervation. Stimulation of the CBs increased the phrenic frequency that caused a summation of the respiratory\u2010related increases in pVN, resulting in the development of bronchoconstrictor tone. This tone was exaggerated in SH rats. The enhanced respiratory\u2010parasympathetic coupling to airways in SH rats was not due to differences in the intrinsic electrophysiological properties of bronchoconstrictor motoneurones but reflected heightened pre\u2010inspiratory\u2010 and inspiratory\u2010related synaptic drive. In summary, in SH rats the phasic respiratory modulation of parasympathetic tone to the airways is elevated and the greater development of this bronchoconstrictor tone is caused by the heightened afferent drive originating from the CBs. Thus, targeting the CBs may prove effective for increasing lower airway patency.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1113\/jp280981","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,20]],"date-time":"2021-04-20T01:58:24Z","timestamp":1618883904000},"page":"3237-3252","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Heightened respiratory\u2010parasympathetic coupling to airways in the spontaneously hypertensive rat"],"prefix":"10.1113","volume":"599","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6132-0217","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Davi J. 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