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To balance this process and avoid excessive hyperglycaemia and glucose intolerance in the mother during pregnancy, maternal pancreatic \u03b2\u2010cells undergo remarkable changes in their function including increasing their proliferation and glucose\u2010stimulated insulin secretion. In this review we examine how placental and maternal hormones work cooperatively to activate several signalling pathways, transcription factors and epigenetic regulators to drive adaptations in \u03b2\u2010cell function during pregnancy. We also explore how adverse maternal environmental conditions, including malnutrition, obesity, circadian rhythm disruption and environmental pollutants, may impact the endocrine and molecular mechanisms controlling \u03b2\u2010cell adaptations during pregnancy. The available data from human and experimental animal studies highlight the need to better understand how maternal \u03b2\u2010cells integrate the various environmental, metabolic and endocrine cues and thereby determine appropriate \u03b2\u2010cell adaptation during gestation. In doing so, these studies may identify targetable pathways that could be used to prevent not only the development of pregnancy complications like gestational diabetes that impact maternal and fetal wellbeing, but also more generally the pathogenesis of other metabolic conditions like type 2 diabetes.\n<jats:boxed-text content-type=\"graphic\" position=\"anchor\"><jats:graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" mimetype=\"image\/png\" position=\"anchor\" specific-use=\"enlarged-web-image\" xlink:href=\"graphic\/tjp14617-gra-0001-m.png\"><jats:alt-text>image<\/jats:alt-text><\/jats:graphic><\/jats:boxed-text><\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1113\/jp281082","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,11]],"date-time":"2021-03-11T13:26:04Z","timestamp":1615469164000},"page":"1089-1117","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":87,"title":["Pregnancy\u2010induced changes in \u03b2\u2010cell function: what 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